Inguinal lymph nodes

Lymphadenopathy, generally in the cervical, axillary, supraclavicular, or inguinal lymph nodes... 

Albino male guinea pigs were infected by subcutaneous injection of 0.001 mg of bacterial (M. tuberculosis) coating and treated with rifamycins by oral route immediately after the infection. The antibiotic treatment lasted 4 months, after which the animals were sacrificed and inguinal lymph nodes, spleen, liver and lungs examined to quantify the severity of the disease according to Feldman [75],... 

The blood supply to the vagina is through the uterine arteries and the internal iliac artery. Blood returns to the venous system through veins that empty into the internal iliac vein. Lymphatic drainage is through the external and internal iliac lymph nodes and superficial inguinal lymph nodes. 

Penna, D., Schmidt, A. and Beermann, F. (1998). Tumors of the retinal pigment ep-itheUum metastasize to inguinal lymph nodes and spleen in tyrosinase-related protein 1 SV40 T antigen transgenic mice. Oncogene 17, 2601-2607. 

A 21-year-old female presents to the physician s office with complaints of very painfnl vnlvar ulcers. The patient states she has had the symptoms for approximately 3 days, and they are worsening. She says that prior to the ulcerations, there was a burning and tingling sensation of the skin in the same area. She has noted similar symptoms like this before and has been told it is sexually transmitted. On examination you see multiple extremely tender, vesicular (blisterlike) lesions on an erythematous (red) base on both labia majora of the vulva. She has a moderate amount of tender inguinal lymph nodes bilaterally. The physician uses a swab to sample the ulcer and send it off for diagnostic analysis. 

Mouse CXCR5 Yes Abnormal Absent inguinal lymph nodes Absent or abnormal Peyer s patches Defective B cell trafficking and localization... 

Intravital Two-Photon Imaging of Adoptively li ansferred B Lymphocytes in Inguinal Lymph Nodes... 

G j, have a more robust motility than do wild-type B cells. Here, we describe procedures for visualizing the behavior of fluorescently labeled and adoptively transferred B lymphocytes within the inguinal lymph node of live mice. 

Key words B lymphocytes, Inguinal lymph node, Intravital imaging, Two-photon microscopy... 

Fig. 1. Two-photon laser-scanning microscopy system and operation for exposing the inguinal lymph node, (a) Two-photon laser-scanning microscopy system including a Leica SP5 inverted 5-channel confocal microscope. (b)The cube and box, cube chamber, maintains temperature at 37.0°C 0.5°C. (c) Anesthetized mouse is shaved and has small Incision on flank, (d) Immobilized iLN with cyanoacrylate glue on blade fitted to chamber slide. To protect tissue from drying add a few drops of PBS to exposed iLN. (e) Mouse in a warmed chamber slide. Blade can hold exposed ILN preventing respiratory movements, (f) Complete set up for imaging. Mouse is anesfhefized by fhe infraperifoneal injecfion of avertin with an infusion set.

We described details of procedures for real-time imaging of adoptively transferred B cells visualized with fluorescent dyes in the inguinal lymph node. This method can also be used to observe behavior of other immune cells (T lymphocytes, dendritic and follicular dendritic cells, etc.) under a variety of experimental conditions. 

After shaving the hair of the left or right flank with a small animal clipper, the skin and the fatty tissue over the inguinal lymph node are removed see Fig. Ic). 

To visualize both B cell follicle and lymphatic area in the same imaging field, the exposed inguinal lymph node must be turned 90° from its original direction. 

The mouse inguinal lymph node is held with a razor blade fitted to coverglass chamber slide (see Fig. Id). 

Inguinal lymph node is maintained at physiological temperature because lymphocyte motility and behavior are highly temperature dependent (8). 

A naturally occurring relative of variola, monkeypox virus, is found in Africa, and the disease it causes, monkeypox, is clinically indistinguishable from smallpox, with the exception of notable enlargement of cervical and inguinal lymph nodes. The disease occurs mostly in monkeys from the tropical rain forests of central Africa, with sporadic transmission to humans. Some evidence supports the role of squirrels as the principal animal reservoir of the virus.48 Over a span of 3 years, 331 cases of monkeypox disease in a population of 5 million have been reported.49 Under natural conditions, the virus is transmitted by direct contact with an infected individual, fomites, and, occasionally by aerosol. 

Deletion of the CXCR5 gene yields a phenotype in which the animals do not develop inguinal lymph nodes and do develop defective follicles and germinal centers in the spleen and Peyer s patches (3,41). Receptor-deficient B lymphocytes are able to migrate into T-lymphocyte-rich peripheral and interfollicular areas, but are unable to migrate farther, into the deeper B-lymphocyte-rich follicles (3). 

For evaluation of the pelvic sidewall and lymph node staging, an additional proton-density or a Tl-weighted sequence in transverse orientation should be performed (see Fig. 7.11). The acquisition starts at the level of the aortic bifurcation and extends to below the pelvic floor. A slice thickness of 6 mm is used, with a 512 matrix and a phase resolution of at least 60%. Complete coverage of the inguinal lymph nodes should be attempted in patients with cervical cancers involving the lower third of the vagina (stage IIIA... 

Walsh JW, Amendola MA, Konerding KF, Tisnado J, Hazra TA (1980) Computed tomographic detection of pelvic and inguinal lymph-node metastases from primary and recurrent pelvic malignant disease. Radiology 137 157-166... 

Fig. 12.15a,b. Regional lymph node stations, a Vaginal cancer of the proximal two thirds of the vagina drains into the pelvic lymph node stations, b The inguinal lymph nodes are the first lymph node stations invaded by vaginal cancer of the distal third of the vagina. (Reproduced with permission from [14])... 

Fig. 15.7a,b. Abnormally enlarged metastatic inguinal lymph node on the left [arrow). Axial images obtained with (a) T2w TSE sequence and (b) Tlw TSE sequence in a patient with vulvar cancer... 

Mebius et al. (1991) reported that the morphological and functional aspects of HEV can be studied by organ culture of mouse isolated axillary, brachial, or inguinal lymph nodes. At 24 h of culture, the appearance of the node was still quite normal, whereas the HEV became flat-walled, with a 45-50% reduction in the capacity to bind lymphocytes. This decrease in function of HEV could be reduced when lymph nodes were cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharides. The effect of lipopoly-saccharides on the function of HEV was presumably mediated by macrophages in the subcapsular sinus, because HEV in lymph nodes, which were depleted of subcapsular sinus and medullary macrophages previous to culture, could not be stimulated by addition of lipopolysaccharides to the culture. 

Lymphatics of the prepuce and penile shaft converge dorsally, and then drain into both right- and leftsided superficial inguinal lymph nodes via channels alongside superficial external pudendal vessels. Lymphatics of the glans and penile urethra pass deep to Buck s fascia and drain into both superficial and deep inguinal nodes. 

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