Lungs chronic

Chronic lung disease is a hallmark of CF, leading to death in 90% of patients.3 Pulmonary disease is characterized by thick... 

Clinical features ACS occurs in 15% to 43% of patients and is responsible for up to 25% of deaths. Risk factors include young age, low HbF level, high Hgb and WBCs, winter seasons, and reactive airway disease. Recurrences are up to 80% and can lead to chronic lung disease in adulthood. 

Neuringer IP, Chalermskulrat W, Aris R. Obliterative bronchiolitis or chronic lung allograft rejection a basic science review. J Heart Lung Transplant 2005 24 3-19. 

The predominant mechanism of AF and atrial flutter is reentry, which is usually associated with organic heart disease that causes atrial distention (e.g., ischemia or infarction, hypertensive heart disease, valvular disorders). Additional associated disorders include acute pulmonary embolus and chronic lung disease, resulting in pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale and states of high adrenergic tone such as thyrotoxicosis, alcohol withdrawal, sepsis, or excessive physical exertion. 

Respiratory and metabolic acidosis can develop in patients with cardiorespiratory arrest, with chronic lung disease and shock, and with metabolic acidosis and respiratory failure. 

Chaudhuri, N., et al., Toll-like receptors and chronic lung disease, Clin. Sci. (Lond). 109, 2, 125, 2005. 

In China, COLD was associated with long term exposure to indoor coal smoke (Chen et al., 1998), and in India, Cor pulmonale (heart disease secondary to chronic lung disease) has been found to be more prevalent, and on average to develop earlier, in non-smoking women who cook with biomass fuels than those do not. 

Short-term non-invasive biomarkers for processes producing long-term lung damage-evaluation of the feasibility of candidate measurement systems. Toxicokinetic models have been developed to determine whether breath analysis of pentane and ethane can be used to estimate chronic lung damage from toxicants. 

Chronic Exposure Lewisite can cause sensitization and chronic lung impairment. Also, by comparison to agent mustard and arsenical compounds, it can be considered as a suspected human carcinogen. 

CHRONIC EXPOSURE to HD can cause sensitization, chronic lung impairment, (cough, shortness of breath, chest pain), and cancer of the mouth, throat, respiratory tract, skin, and leukemia. It may also cause birth defects. 

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease of abnormal fluid secretion. It affects cells of the exocrine glands, such as intestine, sweat glands, pancreas, reproductive tract, and especially the respiratory tract. The disease affects about 1 in 2500 infants of the Caucasian population to varying degrees of seriousness. Patients produce thickened mucus that is difficult to get out of the airway. This leads to chronic lung infection, which progressively destroys pulmonary function. 

Recent studies involving repeated or prolonged exposures of laboratory animals to ozone have suggested that changes indicative of chronic lung disease (such as decreased elasticity of the lungs) also require concentrations of 0.2-0.5 ppm. 

As discussed in detail by Dillard et al. and by Mittman et al. the possible relationship of lysosomal proteases to chronic lung disease has been inferred from the finding of an increased incidence of emphysema in subjects deficient in serum ai>antitrypsin factor, an -globulin that can inhibit lysosomal proteases. (No effect of ozone on serum aj-antitrypsin inhibitor was noted in rabbits chronically exposed to ozone. ) Thus, an ozone-induced increase in concentrations of such enzymes in the lung might produce excess proteolysis and result in eventual chronic lung disease. However, the available evidence is inadequate to support the belief that such a process occurs in humans intermittently exposed to ozone. Further studies of this potential hazard would be of value. 

Moran TJ Emphysema and other chronic lung disease in textile workers An 18-year autopsy study. Arch Environ Health 38 261-216, 1983... 

No chronic lung problems were found in 326 workers exposed to concentrations ranging from nondetectable to greater than 0.13 ppm. ... 

Asthma has a particular place among pulmonary illnesses—it is a chronic lung condition with clinical syndromes characterized by elevated excitability and contraction of the respiratory tract, and consequently, resulting in shortness of breath, breathing difficulties, and coughing. Patients suffering from asthma can develop signs of chronic bronchitis or pulmonary emphysema. 

Sleep apnea The treatment of hypogonadal men with testosterone esters may potentiate sleep apnea in some patients, especially those with risk factors such as obesity or chronic lung diseases. 

IR concentrated oral solution and tablets/suppositories - Respiratory insufficiency or depression severe CNS depression attack of bronchial asthma heart failure secondary to chronic lung disease cardiac arrhythmias increased intracranial or CSF pressure head injuries brain tumor acute alcoholism delirium tremens convulsive disorders after biliary tract surgery suspected surgical abdomen surgical anastomosis concomitantly with MAOIs or within 14 days of such treatment paralytic ileus. 

Pulmonary - Debilitated patients with chronic lung disease reduction in bronchial secretions can lead to inspissation and formation of bronchial plugs. 

Alpha-1-Protease Inhibitor (Prolastin) [Respiratory Agent/Alpha Protease Inhibitor Replacement] Uses a,-Antit-rypsin deficiency panacinar emphysema Action Replace human aj-protease inhibitor Dose 60 mg/kg IV once/wk Caution [C, ] Contra Selective IgA deficiencies w/ known IgA antibodies Disp Inj SE Fever, dizziness, flu-like Sxs, allergic Rxns EMS Pt may have chronic lung Dz/damage, monitor resp status OD Not expected to produce life-threatening Sxs... 

Italian Collaborative Groupon Preterm Delivery (ICGPD). (1993). Supplementation and plasma levels of vitamin A premature newborns at risk for chronic lung disease. Dev. Pharmacol. Ther. 20,144—151. 

Stahlman, M. T. (1984). Chronic lung disease following hyaline membrane disease. In "Neonatal Medicine" (L. Stern and P. Vert, eds.), pp. 454-4 73. Masson, New York. 

Dolly, the cloned sheep, develops a serious chronic lung disease and is euthanized... 

Schoefer Y, Schaberg T, Raspe H, Schaefer T. Determinants of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in patients with chronic lung diseases. J Infect 2007 55(4) 347-52. 

Palivizumab is used to prevent serious lower respiratory tract infection due to RSV. It is used only in high-risk children who are younger than 24 months of age and have bronchopulmonary dysplasia or chronic lung disease that required treatment in the previous 6 months. It is also indicated for premature infants (less than 32 weeks gestation) until the age of 6 to 12 months. Palivizumab can reduce the incidence of RSV-related hospitalization by approximately half. The safety and efficacy of palivizumab in the treatment of RSV disease have not been established. 

Sulfonamides are used for controlling urinary tract infections, acute and chronic lung infections (norcadiosis), protozoan infections of the nervous system (i.e., toxoplasmosis), and a variety of infections in humans and livestock. Their mode of activity is by inhibiting the multiplication of bacteria by competitively inhibiting para-aminobenzioc acid (PABA) in the folic acid metabolism cycle (O Neil et al., 2001). More specifically, they block the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria as the drugs are structurally similar to PABA. Folic acid is essential to the synthesis of amino acids and nucleic acids. In bacteria, folic acid is synthesized from PABA... 

Patients with Breathing Disorders. Some evidence indicates that BZDs may exacerbate breathing difficulties in patients with chronic lung disorders ( 339, 340). Because flurazepam has been reported to exacerbate sleep apneas in middle-aged and elderly normal volunteers, the possibility of undiagnosed sleep apnea should always be considered before a BZD is prescribed ( 341). 

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