Larynx Tumor

Z0346 Furukawa, M., H. Sakashita, M. Kamide, and R. Umeda. Inhibitory effects of Kampo medicine on Epstein-Barr virus antigen induction by tumor promotor. Auris-Nasus Larynx (Tokyo) 1990 17(1) 49-54. 

Rat Inhalation 20 d/wkfor 128 wk 6 h/d, S hyperplasia increased in the larynx and trachea, not in the nose. No increase in tumor incidence. Mild rhinitis, but no Toxigenics 1983... 

Clonal dominance has been reported to occur also in mammary tumors and metastases from human patients (Symmans et al., 1995), although a similar study performed on squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx found a more marked heterogeneity between primary tumors and their metastases (Sun et al., 1995), suggesting either subclone heterogeneity within the primary tumor at the time of establishment of metastasis, or further clonal evolution of both tumors and metastasis. 

Sun, P. C., El-Mofty, S. K., Haughey, B. H. and Scholnick, S. B. (1995). Allelic loss in squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx discordance between primary and metastatic tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 14, 145-148. 

Alcohol consumption and its relationship to the occurrence of human cancers has been the subject of numerous epidemiological investigations. Erom these studies, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC Volume 44) has concluded that there is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of alcoholic beverages in humans. Malignant tumors of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and liver... 

The authors attributed this reduced survival in part to toxic and carcinogenic effects induced by this PAH (e.g., tumors in the pharynx and larynx that could have inhibited food intake). 

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is an uncommon, histologically distinct variant of SCC. In the upper aerodigestive tract, it occurs frequently in the base of the tongue, tonsils, hypopharynx, and larynx but has also been described in many other locations such as the palate, buccal mucosa, floor of mouth, nasopharynx, nasal cavity, and trachea. This is one of the subtypes of squamous carcinoma that can present with large neck node metastases and an unknown primary tumor. 

Tumors identical to the undifferentiated type of NPC may originate in sites other than the nasopharynx, especially the sinonasal tract, oropharynx, larynx, and salivary gland. 777 JFgy afg distinguished from NPC only by location and observing the nasopharynx to be free of tumor. Likewise, the presence of EBV in a tumor is not unique to NPC. The virus has been found in a variety of histologically diverse tumors of the nasopharynx in patients from Southeast Asia. ... 

Both benign and malignant tumors can arise in the larynx and hypopharynx. By far the most common malignancy is SCC and its variants. Salivary gland-type... 

This tumor is the most common neuroendocrine neoplasm of the larynx and accounts for approximately 54% of all tumors.1 " It occurs most frequently in the supraglottic larynx and has a male predominance. Atypical carcinoids have an infiltrative growth and can have variety of morphologic patterns. The cells differ from those of a typical carcinoid in that they are larger and show nucleoli and occasional mitoses. Furthermore, they may exhibit necrosis and vascular or perineural... 

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) of the larynx is rare, representing less than 1% of all laryngeal carcinomas. These tumors have been categorized in a similar fashion to lung tumors, into oat cell type, intermediate, and combined. The first two tumor types have typical neuroendocrine differentiation and show... 

These three neuroendocrine tumors of the larynx all display positivity for typical neuroendocrine markers such as chromogranin, synaptophysin, and neuron-specific enolase. They may also be positive for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Atypical carcinoid and SCNEC can also express other neuroendocrine markers such as serotonin, calcitonin, and somatostatin. TTE-1 is probably not a useful marker to distinguish metastatic pulmonary small cell carcinoma from primary tumors in the head and neck because up to 50% of extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas are positive for TTR-l.i 8... 

The differential diagnosis of carcinoid and atypical carcinoid tumors of the larynx includes paraganglioma, melanoma, and medullary thyroid carcinoma. Paragangliomas are rarely always negative for cyto-keratins and also exhibit the characteristic susten-tacular cell pattern with SlOO protein. Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTEl) is positive in medullary thyroid carcinoma, as are calcitonin and CEA. Melanomas will typically stain with HMB45 and tyrosinase, both of which are negative in neuroendocrine carcinomas. 

Paragangliomas of the head and neck can occur in many locations. The most common is the neck, usually related to the carotid or vagal bodies, or the middle ear (jugu-lotympanic paragangliomaParagangliomas can rarely occur in other locations as well such as the larynx, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and oral cavity. 197,277 symptoms of these tumors depend on the anatomic location, but patients may present with a pulsatile mass lesion. Paragangliomas in all of these locations have similar histologic and immunophenotypic appearance. 

Woodruff JM, Senie RT. Atypical carcinoid tumor of the larynx. ORL. 1991 53 194-209. 

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) also may be either a primary thymic tumor > ° or a mediastinal metastasis from a primary neoplasm of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, esophagus, lungs, or anorectal region. Keratin is universally present in BSCC with a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern of labeling, and reactivity for epithelial membrane antigen, keratin 5/6, and p63 may also be observed. h78,80,8i author s experi-... 

It is also apparent that little effort is made to optimize the vehicle for topically administered sensitizers (e.g., dermal, oral cavity). For such applications, one is frequently presented to simple aqueous solutions of ethanol or DMSO. Topical preparations thereby offer a challenge to the formulation expert. Application to the oral cavity and larynx would benefit from bioadhesive formulations to increase the contact time between sensitizer and tissue. A well-designed vehicle could allow topical administration of sensitizers to tumors located close to the skin surface and thus offer an alternative to the present systemic administration. 

It is interesting to note that the high frequency of G to T mutations is also observed in tumors of the larynx but not in other forms of nonlung cancer associated with exposure to tobacco, such as cancer of the esophagus, oral cavity, and bladder (see later section). This observation suggests that the mutagenesis of p53 by metabolites of BaP occurs in a tissue-specific manner. 

Pinto S, Gori L, Gallo O, Boccuzzi S, Paniccia R, Abbate R. Increased thromboxane A2 production at primary tumor site in metastasizing squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 49 (1993) 527-530. 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS irritation of skin and mucous membranes dermatitis rhinitis pharyngitis conjunctivitis skin lesions hyper-pigmentation gangrene of the extremities vascular lesions exfoliation herpes appearance of small corns or warts increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer lung cancer bladder and liver cancer tumors of mouth, esophagus, larynx, bladder, para nasal sinus liver or kidney damage lower than normal birth weights. 

FDAP is already of major use for the detection of cervix neoplasms, bladder tumors [32], malignant gliomas [33] and precanceroses as well as carcinomas of the tongue, oral mucosa, larynx, esophagus [34] and colon. 

Shaded surface display (SSD) Well-suited for visualizing dense tissue, such as bones or bone transplants, but not for soft tissue or tumors of the hypopharynx or larynx... 

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