Industrial flooring applications

Floors and Pavements The chemical resistance and overall improvement in the physical and mechanical properties of PPCC makes it a suitable material especially for industrial floor applications where chemical spills and heavy traffic are the typical problems encountered. 

There is now an active trade federation, the Federation of Resin Formulators and Applicators (FERFA) to which many of the specialist formulators and industrial-flooring contractors belong. If specifiers/users carefully list all the... 

A wide range of applications for sulfur concrete such as SUDICRETE provide many advantages. Included are industrial flooring, electrolytic vats, sumps, catch basins, tanks, sewage and waste impoundment ponds, bridge decks, pipes, etc., all of which can benefit from its extreme corrosion resistance. Rapid... 

Despite the general move towards use of fossil hydrocarbon feedstocks, some plant-derived materials have continued to provide economic or technical benefits that ensure they remain the preferred source of raw materials for industry. For example, cotton still accounts for 38% of all textile production due to its airflow- and temperature-regulating capabilities, which are difficult or costly to replicate with man-made fibres. Linseed oil remains a key feedstock in surface coating and linoleum flooring applications. Plant oils are still widely used in the oleochemicals sector, where coconut and palm oils are widely used in detergent... 

Today, a broad range of organosilicone compounds is commercially available. Because of their inherent structural variability they find industrial applications in such diverse fields as cosmetics or hair care, textiles-, and the automobile industry, floor polishes, and paints. 

Major polymer applications surface protective coatings (protective and decorative - automotive, metal cans, industrial flooring, anticorrosive paints), electrical/elec-tronics (printed circuit panels, conductive adhesives), composites (building/construction, marine, electrical/electronics, aircraft, communication satellites, automotive, pipes, consumer products), bonding and adhesives, flooring, tooling and casting, biosensors... 

Because they are relatively expensive, epoxy polymers have not been used very widely as binders in PC products. Therefore, epoxy PC is used for special applications, in situations in which the higher cost can easily be justified, such as mortar for industrial flooring to provide physical and chemical resistance, skid-resistant overlays (filled with sand, emery, pumice, quartz) in highways, epoxy plaster for exterior walls (e.g., in exposed aggregate panels), and resurfacing material for deteriorated areas (e.g., in flooring). Epoxy PC reinforced with glass, carbon, or boron fibers is used in the fabrication of translucent panels, boat hulls, and automobile bodies [2,6],... 

Precast and cast-in applications in construction works Mortar for industrial flooring Skid-resistant overlays in highways... 

High Bearing Capacity Mixes. Conventional asphalt concrete mixes often deform under high loads over long loading periods. Thus conventional asphalt concrete is unsuitable for applications such as heavy duty industrial floors and container ports. The creep properties of such mixes may be improved considerably by adding sulfur to the mix. 

In addition to the common applications of PVC in flooring and floor tiles, there are also applications of PU (coatings for flooring), polyamide (PA) (woven carpets and rugs), linoleum (manufactured by oxidising linseed oil mixed with pine resin and wood flour in the form of sheets on jute backing), wood/thermoset composites (thermosets like PE, UF, polyisocyanates used as veneers, in plywood, particleboard, fibreboard, laminates), wood fibre/thermoplastic composites (for industrial flooring with PE). 

Becanse of its sensitivity to water, magnesinm oxychloride cement is unsuitable for outdoor applications, or for applications in which exposure to water is likely. The binder is most commonly nsed for industrial floor-ing, mainly because of its good elastic properties. Examples of other uses of this binder are ... 

Magnesium oxychloride cement (see section 15.1) is also well suited to be combined with wood. Such a combination is most commonly used for industrial floorings. The main advantage of this material in such applications is its favorable elastic properties. 

PVC-P, on average, contains 55 phr (parts per weight per hundred of PVC) plasticiser. PVC has the ability to accept high levels of plasticiser (100 phr and even above). The most common plasticisers that are used today in PVC are DOP (nsed in the mannfacture of flooring and carpet tiles), DEHP (used mainly for any flexible PVC applications), di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), used mainly in wire and cable production, carpet backing and pool liners, di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), and butyl benzyl phthalate (used mainly in vinyl tile production), and di-n-hexyl phthalate (used in flooring applications). There are also several plasticisers that are specific for almost no toxicity, such as tri-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TEHTM), a polymeric adipate, and acetyl triburyl citrate (ATBC), which are economically unfeasible for their industrial applications, i.e., TEHTM is some three times as expensive as DEHP, and polymeric adipate four times as expensive. Analytical techniques are available to detect traces of plasticisers at the parts per billion level [43]. 

The polymer mortars with SF were tested by Ohama et al. (1989) in view of their application for industrial floors, decorative coatings and repair of concrete structures. The results were interesting and have shown different influence of SF, that is, an increase of compressive strength and resistance to water permeation and penetration of chloride ions, but no improvements have been observed of resistance to water absorption, carbonation and drying shrinkage. Also, adhesion of the composite to covered concrete surfaces was not increased. 

In certain applications, for reasons of economy, lower volumes of steel fibres are sometimes used for example, 0.2% or 0.3% in industrial floors, but frequent cases occurred when such reinforcement was not sufficient and cracks appeared. In such cases expensive repair works are necessary and litigations between interested parties usually follow (EN 14721 2000, ASTM A820). 

It has been proved by many applications that even quite a low percentage addition of 0.6-0.9 kg/m of polypropylene fibres, when distributed evenly in the bulk of the fresh mix, has a significant effect on early-age cracking and the application of polypropylene fibres is very large for example, in industrial floors made with steel fibres. 

Impact behaviour of elements reinforced with PE (polyethylene) and AR (alkali resistant) glass fibre fabrics was investigated in view of its application in such structures as piles, pavements, industrial floors, etc., reaching an absorption of 20-50% of total input energy (Genconglu and Mobasher 2007). 

The application of DSP materials extends beyond building construction to heavy duty industrial floors and mechanical parts. The service life of elements... 

Styrene-butadiene latex is used as an admixture for materials applied to the repair of concrete structures, for protective overlays and for industrial floors. A typical application would be for the repair of bridge decks damaged by de-icing agents and freeze-thaw cycles. The PCC is also applied for special purposes, such as protective spray-on coatings for various kinds of structures or decorative elements. The latex is added as 5% and 20% of cement mass during mixing. If the latex content is below 5% of cement mass the term PMC is used instead of PCC. 

Concrete sealants have often been used as a means of finishing industrial floors for spillproofing or wear resistance. These coating techniques have some applicability to PCB contamination situations on the principle that a sound coating material would at least temporarily inhibit human exposure in the work place. Several coating materials are commercially available and touted as specifically applicable to PCB decontamination. 

Applications buffer springs, conveyor belts, golf balls, hoses, industrial flooring, modification of other polymers (e.g., HIPS and ABS), rubber pads for ballastless track, rubberized cloth, seals and gaskets, tires ... 

Another important application of reactive resins is the production of resin-bonded screeds that, by virtue of their high mechanical and chemical stability, are used, for example, for industrial floors. One particular problem is the bonding of old concrete to new concrete, where peeling occurs because of the shrinkage of the new concrete layer. By applying intermediate layers of a suitable epoxy resin mortar, it is possible to establish permanent bonds with strengths greater than that of the concrete. 

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