Vinyl tiles

Poly(vinyl chloride-i o-vinyl acetate) [9003-22-9] has found appHcation in flooring, phonograph records, protective coatings, fibers, and some films and sheeting. Because of their low viscosity and good processabihty, such copolymers constitute the bulk of the vinyl tile market. The total production of PVC copolymers in 1989 was 113,500 t (73) (see Vinyl polymers). 

A common example utilizing the same concept is a woman s pointed high heel shoes. She can leave imprint marks on a vinyl tile floor from impression of her shoe heel points. Another example would be the Eskimo, who can walk on soft snow without sinking by varying the area of contact of his footprint with broad snowshoes. 

But shareholders have not been the only beneficiaries of The Home Depot s snccess. While the business itself was growing, its impact on consumers and the home improvement indnstry in general has been dramatic. The Home Depot has made home improvement more affordable for millions of consumers. Professor David Bell of the Harvard Business School compared The Home Depot s prices today on a basket of everyday home improvement items to a comparable basket from 1978, adjusted for inflation, and found that the company has reduced prices by an average of 54%. For example, the cost of redoing a kitchen floor with 45 square feet of vinyl tile was 35 in 1978. Today, cnstomers can buy it at 26. Back then a refrigerator s average price per cnbic foot was approximately 77. Today it is only 48. Overall, the stndy fonnd that The Home Depot shoppers have saved more than 500 billion over the past twenty-five years. 

Uses Plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride used in vinyl tile, manufacture of artificial leather, carpet tile, food conveyor belts, weather stripping, tarps, automotive trim, traffic cones additive in poiyvinyi acetate emuisions, ethyiene glycoi, ethyl cellulose, and some adhesives organic synthesis. 

Chlorinated organics Benzyl chloride Vinyl tiles... 

Ham, J.E. and Wells, J.R. (2008) Surface chemistry reactions of alpha-terpineol [(r)-2-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexenyl)isopropanol] with ozone and air on a glass and a vinyl tile. Indoor Air, 18 (5), 394-407. 

Materials Methods. Rectangles (14x23 cm) of vinyl floor tile, unfinished plywood, glass, and vinyl tiles painted with enamel paint (U.S. Navy) were treated with the following formulations ... 

Results. Table III indicates that the residual persistence varied with the formulation and the substrate. Vinyl tile and painted surfaces retained residues better than glass. Bare plywood was better for M than for the EC. The RF formulation was a clear... 

The typical end-use product and application method chosen as representative of the extreme-case exposure scenario must be used to attain the highest permissible rate allowed by label directions. Sampling for indoor residues should consider all potential sites where appreciable residues are expected and are accessible. For instance, dermal contact may come from exposure to the pesticide as a residue on carpets, vinyl tile, upholstery and counter tops, while airborne residue (vapor- or particle-phase) may provide the source of inhalation exposure. The measurements taken are linked specifically to the method of application. 

Cleans grease pencil, scuff marks and lipstick from vinyl tiles similar to commercial products. 

Floor underlayments are utilized to produce a level and smooth surface before placing vinyl tile, asphalt tile, rubber tile, or other resilient flooring materials. Acrylic latex modified underlayments are ideally suitable for leveling floors prior to the installation of these surfacing materials, since these underlayments provide an excellent substrate for bonding purposes, as well as offering good chemical resistance to tile adhesives and solvents which some of them contain. 

Chem. Descrip. 1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate CAS 13048-33-4 EINECS/ELINCS 235-921-9 Uses Monomer, flexibilizer. water resist, aid for no-wax vinyl tile coalings, overprint varnishes... 

Uses Monomer for flexible substrates, photopolymeric printing plates, and no-wax vinyl tile coatings... 

Uses Film-former for UV/EB applies., vinyl tile, wood, and plastic topcoats flexibilizer in clear coatings... 

Aiiflex 810 film-fonner, vinyl tile topcoats... 

Vinyl tile is a commorily used material for the floors in a laboratory because it is easy to maintain and inexpensive to install. Ease of maintenance is not the case for a tile floor in a laboratory using mercury, because of the propensity of the extremely small (20 microns or less) mercury droplets to collect in the cracks. A seamless vinyl or poured epoxy floor should be used instead, with the joints of the floor with the wall being curved or coved. Similarly, the bench top should be curved where it joins the back panel. Existing tile floors, especially the smaller 9 inch X 9 inch size, frequently represent an additional maintenance problem since a large proportion contain asbestos, as may the mastic holding them to the floor. When these tiles need replacing, the work must be done in conformance with EPA and OSHA asbestos standards and can be very costly. One procedure to be avoided at all costs is to grind up the old tile. This can distribute asbestos fibers so widely that the already expensive asbestos removal can be made prohibitively so. 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes Uses Curing agent for flexible substrates, photopolymeric printing plates, and no-wax vinyl tile coatings Manuf./Distrib. CPS Hunan Xinyu http //WWW. hunanxinyu. com-, M onomer-Polymer Dajac Labs PEG-4 diacrylate CAS 17831-71-9... 

Carbon fiber has been incorporated in vinyl tiles to dissipate static and is particularly useful for hospital flooring. Also, to assist dissipation of static, carpets have been manufactured containing carbon fiber in the backing material and computer casings made from a molding compound containg carbon fiber. 

FIGURE 17.8 Steps involved in the application of a floor polish to a vinyl tile. 

PVC-P, on average, contains 55 phr (parts per weight per hundred of PVC) plasticiser. PVC has the ability to accept high levels of plasticiser (100 phr and even above). The most common plasticisers that are used today in PVC are DOP (nsed in the mannfacture of flooring and carpet tiles), DEHP (used mainly for any flexible PVC applications), di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), used mainly in wire and cable production, carpet backing and pool liners, di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), and butyl benzyl phthalate (used mainly in vinyl tile production), and di-n-hexyl phthalate (used in flooring applications). There are also several plasticisers that are specific for almost no toxicity, such as tri-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TEHTM), a polymeric adipate, and acetyl triburyl citrate (ATBC), which are economically unfeasible for their industrial applications, i.e., TEHTM is some three times as expensive as DEHP, and polymeric adipate four times as expensive. Analytical techniques are available to detect traces of plasticisers at the parts per billion level [43]. 

Fireproofers, insulation strippers, asbestos-cement workers, auto-garage mechanics, construction workers, shipbuilding and repair workers, gasket manufacturing workers, rubber compounders, vinyl-tile workers, maintenance workers, and asbestos abatement workers... 

Beyond paints, fibers, and other polymers, PGC has been applied in the forensic science laboratory to characterize and compare a number of different types of material submitted as evidence in criminal casework. The utility of PGC for the characterization of adhesives has been described (253,272), as well as various methods for the comparison of tapes with adhesive backings (273). Vinyl tile with an asphalt-type glue from a safe-cracking case was analyzed by PGC (274). Williams and Munson (275) used capillary column PGC to examine 30 black... 

Note phthalates are nsed where good resistance to water and oils is required. For example, applications such as garden hoses, shoes, toys, food wraps, flooring materials, notebook covers, vinyl tiles, traffic cones, plastic foams, tool handles, building materials, etc. 

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