Polymeric adipate

Polymeric adipates of differing molecular weight. Polyphthalates More difficult to process/less compatible but excellent resistance to extraction. High cost. Applications requiring excellent permanence and chemical resistance... 

Vinyl chloride can be polymerised to form polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which is fairly brittle and unsuitable for food contact applications, so it is mixed with plasticisers to soften the polymer and impart flexibility. Plasticised PVC may contain about 30% of plasticisers and is used to make stretch films and flexible PVC. Flexible PVC used for tubing and gaskets may contain di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, and stretch films will probably contain di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate and a polymeric adipate plasticiser. Rigid PVC may... 

Cotton is pure cellulose. Nylon is a polyamide and made by polymerizing adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine. The nylon polymer chain can be prepared with one acid and one amine group at the termini, or with both acids or both amines. Except for these terminal groups, there are no polar centers in nylon and consequently it is difficult to dye. Similarly Dacron, a polyester made by polymerizing ethylene glycol and terephthalic... 

Dibenzoylbutane has been prepared by the action of aluminum chloride on a mixture of benzene and adipyl chloride or benzene and polymeric adipic anhydride. It has also been obtained as a by-product in the action of zinc and alcohol on a, /3-dibromopropiophenone. The melting points recorded are 102°, 105-106°, and ii2°. ... 

THF) which can be transformed itself, for instance, into vinyl pyrrolidone 59, a monomer for radical polymerization. Adipic acid 60 and 1,6-diaminohexane 61 Nylon 6,6 are also obtained from THF. 

Chem. Descrip. Med.-low m.w. polymeric adipate polyester Uses Plasticizer for plastisols, oil filter plastisols, paper coatings Features Exc. rheological chars., low vise. nonmigratoty in paper coatings... 

Chem. Descrip. High m.w. polymeric adipate polyester Uses Plasticizer for gasoline hose and tubing, elec, cable insulation, industrial boots, gloves, and aprons, wall and shelf coverings Features Exc. permanence extraction-resist. oil-resist. solv.-resist. washable... 

Supplier Phthalate Trimellitate Polymeric Adipate Other... 

Polymeric plasticisers are resistant to leaching and migration. Common examples include polypropylene glycol adipate and sebacate, but there are also polymeric phthalates. Polymeric adipates are recommended for instrument panels, upholstery, roofing and clothing. 

BASF sells polyester plasticisers derived from adipic acid and propane diol or various polyhydric alcohols, under the Palamoll name. Velsicol also sells polymeric adipates under the name Admex . They withstand heat, rain and sunlight well, as required in PVC sheeting for pool liners or tarpaulins or for outdoor sign and displ boards. At least one grade has FDA approval for use in contact with foods, as in food conveyor belts. 

PVC-P, on average, contains 55 phr (parts per weight per hundred of PVC) plasticiser. PVC has the ability to accept high levels of plasticiser (100 phr and even above). The most common plasticisers that are used today in PVC are DOP (nsed in the mannfacture of flooring and carpet tiles), DEHP (used mainly for any flexible PVC applications), di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), used mainly in wire and cable production, carpet backing and pool liners, di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), and butyl benzyl phthalate (used mainly in vinyl tile production), and di-n-hexyl phthalate (used in flooring applications). There are also several plasticisers that are specific for almost no toxicity, such as tri-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TEHTM), a polymeric adipate, and acetyl triburyl citrate (ATBC), which are economically unfeasible for their industrial applications, i.e., TEHTM is some three times as expensive as DEHP, and polymeric adipate four times as expensive. Analytical techniques are available to detect traces of plasticisers at the parts per billion level [43]. 

A marked difference is observed between the two polymeric adipates and the specially selected adipate (B) used in BIPVL extraction resistant PVC is seen to have almost equal performance to DEHP in these important aqueous extraction tests. 

The main need has been to provide information on the biological effects of use of the particular polymeric adipate which has not previously been used in medical applications, although plasticisers of this type are permitted for use in flexible PVC for food contact applications (10) (11) (12). Depending on the type of test, results have been obtained on either the plasticiser alone or more usually on the PVC compound itself or extracts from the compound. 

Other plasticizers are used in various applications where a specific property or properties are required of the end product. These include phosphate esters used in fire retardant applications such as cables and spread contract flooring polymeric plasticizers (usually a polymeric adipate, used in low migration food contact applications) benzoates (fast fusion), and sebacates and azelates (which are similar to adipates but give enhanced properties). For further information the reader is directed to the recent definitive text by A.S. Wilson. 

Chloroparaffin can be detected in DOP at the 40% level, a typical amount. Polymeric plasticisers (e.g. polymeric adipate), which are very much more viscous than monomeric plasticisers, are at the worst generically identifiable. 

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