Man-made fibres

D. Mach, "Experiences with Fine Deniei Viscose and Modal Fibres," Proceedings of the 28 th Dombim International Man Made Fibres Conference, Sept. 1989. 

R. W. Moncrieff, Man-Made Fibres, Halstead Press, a division of John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1975. 

Modem Plastics Encyclopedia, McGraw-HiU Book Co., Inc., New York, pubHshed annually S. Davies, The Man-Made Fibre Industry in Western Europe, Spec. Rept. 1107, The Economist PubHcations Ltd., London 1987 S. Davies, The Man-Made Fibre Industry in Japan, Spec. Rept. 1174, The Economist PubHcations Ltd., London 1989. 

Clothing - man-made fibres such as rayon and nylon, dyes, waterproofing and other surface finishing chemicals. 

Almost all man-made fibres destined for sale as white goods are producer-brightened by the manufacturer and white textiles are almost always laundered using detergents containing cellulose-substantive FBAs [20]. To evaluate an FBA it is necessary both to apply the product to the desired substrate and to measure the whiteness of the treated material. Measurement of the fluorescence intensity of the FBA-treated substrate provides useful additional, although different, information. 

Often used nowadays in the sense of textile material, e.g., natural fibre, man-made fibre, but correctly it refers to the comparatively short thread (staple fibre) of natural textiles. A fibre is fine, flexible, and very long in relation to its thickness. 

A fine wire or thread. In textile technology the fine thread formed at the spinnerettes in the manufacture of synthetic and man-made fibres. See Continuous Filament. 

Man-made fibres produced as continuous filaments and then cut into short lengths to match those of some natural fibres such as cotton or wool. The staple of cotton, wool, staple fibre, etc., is an indication of the average fibre length. Stark Rubber... 

Moncrief, R.W., Man-Made Fibres, 6th Ed., Butterworth Scientific, London, 1975, 157. 

Moncrieff, R. W., Man-made Fibres, 6th ed., Newnes-Butterworths, London, 1975, 224. 

Rieckmann, Th., Poly condensation and recycling of PET fibres and other PET waste by continuous processes, presentation given at the 5th Conference on Man-Made Fibres, Beijing, China, 1994. 

Figure 5.23 Variation in the concentration of carboxylic end groups and intrinsic viscosity during the postcondensation of PET powder produced from DMT (1) and TPA (2) prepolymers (7, 240 °C) [49]. From Gerking, L., Modifications of fiber properties by polymer and within spinning line, presentation (Paper 52b) given at the 32nd International Man-Made Fibre Congress, 22-24 September, 1993, Dornbirn, Austria, and reproduced with permission of EMS Inventa-Fischer, GmbH Co. KG...

Gerking, L., Modification of fibre properties by polymer and within spinning line, presentation (Lecture 52b) given at the 32nd International Man-Made Fibres Congress, Dombim, Austria, 22-24 September, 1993. 

Oppermann, W Traub, H. L Hirt, P. and Herlinger, H., Fibres made of polytrimethylene terephthalate, presentation given at the 34th international Man-Made Fibres Congress, Dombim, Austria, September 20-22, 1995. 

Anon. World production 59 million tons textile flbres. In Man-Made Fibre Year Book IBP, International Business Press Publisher Frankfurt a.M., Germany, August 2002 21. 

Warwicker, J. O. Jeffries, R. Colbran, R. L. Robinson, R. N. A Review of the Literature on the Effect of Caustic Soda and Other Swelling Agents on the Fine Structure of Cotton, Shirley Institute Pamphlet No. 93, The Cotton Silk and Man-Made Fibres Research Association, Manchester, England, 1966. 

Miller, R. A. (2002). The effects of clothing on human decomposition implications for estimating time since death. Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Ten-nessee-Knoxville. Mwyer-Larson, W. (1972). Man Made Fibres. Hamburg International Rayon and Synthetic Fibres Committee, Rowohlt. 

Despite the general move towards use of fossil hydrocarbon feedstocks, some plant-derived materials have continued to provide economic or technical benefits that ensure they remain the preferred source of raw materials for industry. For example, cotton still accounts for 38% of all textile production due to its airflow- and temperature-regulating capabilities, which are difficult or costly to replicate with man-made fibres. Linseed oil remains a key feedstock in surface coating and linoleum flooring applications. Plant oils are still widely used in the oleochemicals sector, where coconut and palm oils are widely used in detergent... 

The great inventions of the first man-made fibres by chemical manipulation of natural materials has a great impact on the interest in their chemical nature (1883 De Chardonnet nitrocellulose... 

Typical stress-strain curves are shown in Fig. 13.86. In addition Fig. 13.87 gives a survey of specific tenacity versus specific modulus for the modem high-performance filaments. The range of the specific modulus varies from 3 to 300 N/tex (i.e. modulus approximately from 3 to 500 GPa), that of tenacity from 0.2 to 3.5 N/tex (i.e. tenacity approximately from 0.2 to 5 GPa). Diagonal lines show the ratio average value is about 0.02. In comparison Fig. 13.88 shows the same parameters for the conventional man made fibres. Here the ranges are much smaller and the average value of [Pg.480]

FIG. 13.88 Diagram of the specific tenacity (ffb/p) versus the initial specific modulus (Ea/p) for conventional man made fibres. 0 is the limiting tangential slope in the stress-strain diagram for strain tending to zero. The diagonal lines show the indicated ffbr/ 0-ratio this varies from = 1 for elastomeric filaments and 0.2 for tyre yarns (ty) to 0.03 for yarns such as polyacrylonitrile. 

Moncrieff RW, "Man-made Fibres", Heywood Books, London, 5th Ed, 1970. 

Hague, D. C., The Economics of Man-Made Fibres, George Duckworth... 

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