Separation wastes

In-plant interception may be superior to terminal-waste separation. For instance, separating CE from the terminal wastewater stream incurs an annual operating cost of 827,820/year, which is 44% more expensive than the optimal solution. 

Waste Separation of different types of waste. Records of niateri-... 

A new scheme for location management has developed whereby wastes are diverted to separate holding facilities according to the hazard imposed by the waste. Separate pits are created to hold rig washing and precipitation wastes, solid wastes and drilling fluids [225]. The waste is then reused, disposed on site, or hauled away for offsite treatment. The system reduces contamination of less hazardous materials with the more hazardous materials, thereby reducing disposal costs. 

Processes for the mechanical and chemical recycling of PETP bottles and other containers are described, and waste separation techniques are also examined. 9 refs. ASSORIMAP PETCORE REPLASTIC REKO BV PURE TECH INTERNATIONAL INC. DOW CHEMICAL CO. 

Lab packs Laboratories commonly generate small volumes of many different listed hazardous wastes. Rather than manage all these wastes separately, labs often consolidate these small containers into lab packs. Trying to meet the individual treatment standards for every waste contained in a lab pack would be impractical. To ease the compliance burden, U.S. EPA established an ATS for lab packs that allows the whole lab pack to be incinerated, followed by treatment for any metal in the residues. Treatment using this alternative standard satisfies the LDR requirements for all individual wastes in the lab pack. 

The Cantagalo Waste Separation and Composting Center receives an average of 280 tonnes of solid urban waste per month, besides Class 2A residues (according to the NBR 1004/2004 standard), the latter wastes generated by factories [1],... 

Fig. 9 Chemical analyses of the samples of materials for coprocessing from the waste separation and composting center...

Fig. 10 Sample of polystyrene from Cantagalo Waste Separation and Composting Center...

Hydrometallurgical process, for multimetal waste separation, 21 400 Hydrometallurgical refining, 17 92-93 Hydrometallurgical recycling,... 

Multilevel heat transfer, 13 223 Multimetal waste separation,... 

Manufacturing scrap it is easy to sort and store these wastes separately in good conditions (clean and dry). These wastes are not subjected to ageing and corrosion. 

Waste segregation is an important step in waste reduction. Process wastewaters containing specific pollutants can often be isolated and disposed of or treated separately in a more technically efficient and economical manner. Highly acidic and caustic wastewaters are usually more effectively adjusted for pH prior to being mixed with other wastes. Separate equalization for streams of highly variable characteristics is used by many plants to improve overall treatment efficiency [7]. 

CO2 is an inert, nonhazardons solvent, and leads to easy disposal of organic liqnid wastes. Separation of CO2 from the reaction mixtnre is easily achieved. Differences in diffusivity, miscibility, and solnbility between SC-CO2 and other solvents can also be nsed to improve certain reactions (Wai et al., 1998). 

Since dissolved-air flotation has been used successfully for oily-waste separation for 20 years, the bulk of the published literature treats the dissolved-air process. No study has been published for either dissolved- or induced-air flotation of oily wastes that considers in detail the effect of bubble or particle size... 

Facchini, A., Amato, L., Nannicini, R. 1996. A two-cycle process for enhanced actinide separation from radioactive liquid wastes. Separation Science and Technology 31(16) 2245-2256. 

Ozawa, M., Wakabayashi, T. 1999. Status on nuclear waste separation and transmutation technologies in JNC. Global 1999 Nuclear Technology - Bridging the Millennia, August-September, Jackson Hole, WY. 

Separation of citric acid from fermentation broth Separation of lactic acid from fermentation broth Production of acetone, butanol, and ethanol (ABE) from potato wastes Separation of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids... 

To recover a maximum of olefins and butadiene from recycling polyolefins, it is necessary to have a short residence time of the product gases in the fluidized bed zone to avoid no secondary reactions. The pyrolysis gas should not be circulated and used as fluidizing gas. For the experiments, steam was used as fluidizing gas [13, 14]. An easy separation of the hydrocarbon products is possible by condensation to water in a cooler. The results are shown in Table 17.6. As feedstock a light plastic fraction from household waste separation was used which contains 95.8% of PE and PP, 3% of PS, and 0.2% of PVC. 

A great advantage of electrochemical reactions compared with chemical conversions is the effective contribution to pollution control. The direct electron transfer from the electrode to the substrate avoids the problem of separation and waste treatment of the frequently toxic end products of the chemical oxidants or reductants. Furthermore, by electrodialysis, organic acids or bases can be regenerated from their salts without the use of sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide, for example, which lead to the coproduction of sodium salts or sulfates as waste [79]. At the same time, inorganic acids and bases, necessary for chemical production, are provided by this process. An application of electrodialysis has been demonstrated in the preparation of methoxyacetic acid by oxidation of methoxyethanol at the nickel hydroxide electrode [80]. Finally, unwanted side products can be converted into the wanted product, which increases the economy of the process and reduces the problem of waste separation and treatment. This is accomplished in the manufacture of chloroacetic acid by chlorination of acetic acid. There the side product dichloroacetic acid, formed by overchlorination, is cathodically converted to chloroacetic acid [81]. 

SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND RECYCLING AN OVERVIEW OF UNIT OPERATIONS AND EOUIPMENT IN SOLID WASTE SEPARATION... 

The factors that must be taken into account in the selection of the equipment and, consequently, for efficient waste separation, are waste characteristics (particle size, waste stream composition, waste components density, moisture content, tendency for aggregation, etc.), products specifications, design parameters, and space requirements. The various types of air separators (air concentrators, Stoners) are the most widely used equipment. Heavy media separators are also used in some cases. 

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