Design techniques

Adsorption. In the design of the adsorption step of gas-phase processes, two phenomena must be considered, equiUbrium and mass transfer. Sometimes adsorption equiUbrium can be regarded as that of a single component, but mote often several components and their interactions must be accounted for. Design techniques for each phenomenon exist as well as some combined models for dynamic performance. 

The design techniques used include both stagewise and continuous-contac ting methods and can be applied to batch, continuous, and semi-continuous operations. 

The metrology characteristics of designed techniques of elements determination meet the requirements shown to test - methods of the analysis. The time of determination makes 15-20 minutes. 

CA is primarily a team-based product design technique that, through simple structured analysis, gives the information required by designers to achieve the following ... 

Probabilistic design methods have been shown to be important when the design cannot be tested to failure and when it is important to minimize weight and/or cost (Dieter, 1986). In companies where minimizing weight is crucial, for example such as those in the aerospace industry, probabilistic design techniques can be found. 

Non-complex and/or non-critical applications in mechanical design can also make use of probabilistic design techniques and justify a more in-depth approach if the benefits are related to practitioners and customers alike. Surveys have indicated that many products in the industrial sector have in the past been overdesigned (Kalpakjian, 1995). That is, they were either too bulky, were made of materials too high in quality, or were made with unwarranted precision for the intended use. Overdesign may result from uncertainties in design calculations or the concern of the designer and manufacturer over product safety in order to avoid user injury or... 

The procedure for performing an anaiysis using the probabiiistic design technique is shown in Figure 4.39 and has the foiiowing main eiements ... 

For reboilers, especially thermosyphon types, the devil is in the details. The information presented herein is intended for preliminary work. Final design is performed by experienced engineers using detailed design techniques. 

Ball, T., Ballard, D., and Manning, W., Design Techniques For Amine Plans. Presented at PETRO ENERGY. October 1988. 

Noise, especially radiated noise, can be reduced by understanding its sources and what design techniques can reduce its effects. There are several major... 

Carsten, Bmce, Switchmode Design Techniques Above 500kHz, High Frequency Power Conversion Conference, May 1986. 

Electrical insulation is continually being improved. The motor manufacturers make use of this and other technological developments to put more power into smaller, lighter, more efficient packages. Modem insulating materials can withstand heat, moisture, and corrosive atmospheres, and new metals can withstand more mechanical punishment. Computer design techniques are also helpful. 

The selection of the PID controller parameters K, T[ and can be obtained using the classical control system design techniques described in Chapters 5 and 6. In the 1940s, when such tools were just being developed, Ziegler and Nichols (1942) devised two empirical methods for obtaining the controller parameters. These methods are still in use. 

This is a controi system design technique deveioped by W.R. Evans (i948) that determines the roots of the characteristic equation (ciosed-ioop poies) when the open-ioop gain-constant K is increased from zero to infinity. 

The classical control system design techniques discussed in Chapters 5-7 are generally only applicable to... 

Using classical design techniques, the autopilot will be tuned to return the vessel on the desired course within the minimum transient period. With an optimal control strategy, a wider view is taken. The objective is to win the race, which means completing it in the shortest possible time. This in turn requires ... 

This tutorial looks at how MATLAB commands are used to convert transfer functions into state-space vector matrix representation, and back again. The discrete-time response of a multivariable system is undertaken. Also the controllability and observability of multivariable systems is considered, together with pole placement design techniques for both controllers and observers. The problems in Chapter 8 are used as design examples. 

MacFarlane, A.G.J. and Kouvaritakis, B. (1977) A design technique for linear multivariable feedback systems. International Journal of Control, 25, pp. 837-874. 

Analytical design techniques, which predict the magnitude of local airflow and provide a basis for sizing exhaust systems, are not immediately available for... 

Duct design The process of sizing ductwork to ensure the optimum performance in initial costs, running costs, and the distribution of air in a duct distribution system. The design techniques may be... 

Larson, M.A. and Garside, J., 1973. Crystallizer design techniques using the population balance. Chemical Engineer, London, June, p. 318. 

Randolph, A.D. and Tan, C., 1978. Numerical design techniques for staged classified recycle crystallizers Examples of continuous alumina and sucrose crystallizers. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, 17(2), 189. 

Because of the magnitude of the task of preparing the material for this new edition in proper detail, it has been necessary to omit several important topics that were covered in the previous edition. Topics such as corrosion and metallurgy, cost estimating, and economics are now left to the more specialized works of several fine authors. The topic of static electricity, however, is treated in the chapter on process safety, and the topic of mechanical drivers, which includes electric motors, is covered in a separate chapter because many specific items of process equipment require some type of electrical or mechanical driver. Even though some topics cannot be covered here, the author hopes that the designer will find design techniques adaptable to 75 percent to 85-1- percent of required applications and problems. 

Due to the public nature of so many design techniques, the individual engineer has sufficient information to prepare a design that can be expected to perform satisfactorily. 

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