Hazardous Property Identification

Since the enactment of the OSHA Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) regulation [4,5], it is the responsibility of each processing facility to communicate 

FIGURE 2-1. Material Safety Data Sheet (continued). 

The name of the material or one of the following identification numbers should be placed on or under the diamond  

Toxic substances are regulated under CFR Title 40. Before a substance can be manufactured, it must be properly registered with the EPA in accordance with the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA). In the case of a new substance not on the TSCA inventory, a premanufacturing notice (PMN) must be submitted to the EPA. This notice must contain information on  

FIGURE 2-2. Examples of DOT Transportation Placards, (a) Nonflammable compressed gases (b) flammable materials (c) explosives (d) corrosive materials (e)poisonous material (for gases subsiti-ute POISON GAS and numeral 2 at base of placard (f) oxidizers [5.1], organic peroxides [5.2], and oxygen [2] radioactive materials (type I, II, or III must be indicated) (h)hazardous biologicals. 

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This chapter will introduce the entire hazardous waste identification process, but will focus particularly on the final steps and the characteristics and properties of hazardous wastes. After reading this chapter, one will be able to understand the hazardous waste identification process and the definition of hazardous waste, and be familiar with the following concepts ... 

The final steps in the hazardous waste identification process determine whether a waste poses a sufficient chemical or physical hazard to merit regulation. These steps in the hazardous waste identification process involve evaluating the waste in light of the regulatory definition of hazardous waste. The remainder of this chapter explains the definition, characteristics, and properties of hazardous wastes. 

Assessment of effects a) Hazard identification (intrinsic hazardous properties of the substance) b) Elucidation of the dose (concentration) versus response (effects) characteristics ... 

A program is necessary for identifying all materials in the workplace, and making employees aware of the hazards of these materials and the necessary precautions to be taken to prevent or control personnel exposure. Materials Hazard Identification and information gathering is an essential element of fire prevention. The hazardous properties of all chemical substances used in the workplace should be known in order to develop the appropriate design, routine handling practices, and fire prevention plan. 

In the chemical safety report, the hazard assessment of a particular substance is based on the data set provided in the technical dossier. This contains substance-specific information on physicochemical properties as well as on toxicological and ecotoxicological hazards. One objective of the hazard assessment is the substance s hazard identification, which comprises the determination of its physicochemical and hazardous properties for the purpose of classification. Concerning human health hazards, both human and nonhuman information is taken into consideration and evaluated with respect to the classification criteria laid down in the Dangerous Substances Directive and in the CLP Regulation, respectively. However, in most cases human data do not exist, so the hazard identification has to be based on data from animal experiments. With respect to teratogenicity, this hazardous property may in principle be detected in the following toxicity studies ... 

Identification and assessment of inherent hazardous properties of, and possible risks with, chemicals... 

Police and firemen are called whenever an accident or spill occurs in the transportation network. They desperately need identification and specific on-scene coordination of activities involving cargoes and materials (7), of involved cargo and hazard properties of materials. 

Hazard Identification. Identification of intrinsic hazardous properties. 

A crucial starting point within the UK/EU framework for regulation of industrial chemicals is identification of the hazardous properties of substances. The classification system in place in the EU serves to identify the hazardous properties of industrial chemicals that are supplied commercially, and is a statutory requirement within each of the member states. Criteria used to derive the appropriate classification and labelling for a substance are available in Annex VI to the original directive (the Dangerous Substances Directive, 67/ 548/EEC EEC, 1967), an annex commonly referred to as the labelling guide ... 

One of the important concepts associated with the development of the system is the fact that the system is a "hazardous" materials Identification system. While a material possesses inherent dangerous properties (toxicity, flammability, reactivity) the availability of the material to fulfill this property, through its use or physical form, determines Its hazard. 

A. Infomiation on physical state and appearance of a compound may help in its Identification and indicate whether dusts, mists, vapors, or gases are likely means of airborne exposure. Note For many products, especially pesticides, appearance and some hazardous properties may vary with the formulation. 

CFR101-42.1101(a) 4.8 Disposition of Special Types of Hazardous Materials and Certain Categories of Property Hazardous material identification is required for all material that, by virtue of its potentially dangerous nature, requires controls to assure adequate safety to life, property, and the enviromnent. 

Identification Hazard(s) identification Composition/information on ingredients First aid measures Fire-fighting measures Accidental release measures Handling and storage Exposure control/personal protection Physical and chemical properties Stability and reactivity... 

NFPA 704, Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response NFPA 491, Manual of Hazardous Chemical Reactions and NFPA 325, Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable liquids. Gases, and Volatile Solids. 

Safe handling of liquids requires identification of their hazardous properties, chiefly ... 

An elementary introduction to chemistry is given in Chapter 3 this serves only to provide background and for more advanced consideration reference will be necessary to specific text books, e.g. as listed in the Bibliography. A brief discussion of the relevance of physicochemical principles to hazard identification is given in Chapter 4. Relevant toxic and flammable properties, and summaries of appropriate precautions to cater for them during handling, use and disposal, are provided in Chapters 5 and 6, respectively. Reactive hazards are discussed in Chapter 7. The special problems with cryogenic materials and chemicals under pressure, typified by compressed... 

Hazard or event identification provides information on situations or chemicals and their releases tliat can potentially hanii tlie emaromiient, life, or property. Inforniation that is required to identify hazards includes chemical identities, quantilics and location of chemicals in question, chemical properties such as boiling points, ignition temperatures, and to.xicily to hmnans. There arc sci cral nictliods used to identify hazards. The methods that will be discussed later in tliis Part w ill include tlie process checklist and tlie hazard mid operability study (HA20P). 

Hazard identification provides information on situations or chemicals tliat can potentially liann tlie environment, life, or property. Tlie processes described are process checklist, event tree, hazard and operability study. 

Professor Martel s book addresses specifically some of the more technical eispects of the risk assessment process, mainly in the areas of hazard identification, and of the consequence/effect analysis elements, of the overall analysis whilst where appropriate setting these aspects in the wider context. The book brings together a substantial corpus of information, drawn from a number of sources, about the toxic, flammable and explosive properties and effect (ie harm) characteristics of a wide range of chemical substances likely to be found in industry eind in the laboratory, and also addresses a spectrum of dangerous reactions of, or between, such substances which may be encountered. This approach follows the classical methodology and procedures of hazard identification, analysing material properties eind... 

The hazards identification procedures presented in chapter 10 include some aspects of risk assessment. The Dow F EI includes a calculation of the maximum probable property damage (MPPD) and the maximum probable days outage (MPDO). This is a form of consequences analysis. However, these numbers are obtained by some rather simple calculations involving published correlations. Hazard and operability (HAZOP) studies provide information on how a particular accident occurs. This is a form of incident identification. No probabilities or numbers are used with the typical HAZOP study, although the experience of the review committee is used to decide on an appropriate course of action. 

The most common supervision parameter is temperature, but pressure is a possible choice as well. Several other variables, such as level, pH, or physical property changes, can also be chosen since they are easily measurable, but these characteristics are usually important for purposes other than identification of thermal hazards. The temperature criterion method depends strongly on the knowledge of the process and is, therefore, generally not suitable for detection of unexpected dangers. 

In general, hazard identification criterion represents the deviation of one or more measured variables from specified values. This is the basis upon which a significant percentage of risk analyses are done. For a chemical process, a number of measurable variables, physical properties, and states or positions of various parts of the overall equipment, e.g., pumps, valves, and motors, can be specified for every time or phase of the process. Certain deviations from the "standard" recipe or settings can then be defined in advance as hazardous, and thus can be used for initiation of an alarm at the early stage of a runaway or upset condition. 

Risk Assessment The scientific process of evaluating the toxic properties of a chemical and the conditions of human exposure to it, in order to ascertain the likelihood that exposed humans will be adversely affected, and to characterize the nature of the effects they may experience. It may contain some or all of the following four steps hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. 

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