Overall Equipment

Whether cleaning introduces such a decrease in the overall equipment utilization as that presented in Figures 14.18... 

These indications lead to detailed investigations of the processes, e.g., from a financial perspective this might be revenue, contribution margin and earnings before interests, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) of certain product groups and customers, cost analysis for specific processes, overall equipment efficiency or research and development costs. 

In general, hazard identification criterion represents the deviation of one or more measured variables from specified values. This is the basis upon which a significant percentage of risk analyses are done. For a chemical process, a number of measurable variables, physical properties, and states or positions of various parts of the overall equipment, e.g., pumps, valves, and motors, can be specified for every time or phase of the process. Certain deviations from the "standard" recipe or settings can then be defined in advance as hazardous, and thus can be used for initiation of an alarm at the early stage of a runaway or upset condition. 

In the pharmaceutical industry, a metric used to measure performance is the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE), which takes into account... 

Both these levels can be achieved using the Cross Flow Interceptor-Coolescer combination discussed in the previous section. Therefore the final selection of the optimum process temperoture was based on purely economical considerations and o production cooler outlet temperoture of 55 C was chosen since it provided the lowest overall equipment and operating cost. 

Experience shows that adopting the principles of lean manufacturing from assembly industries can be a powerful operational improvement lever. Lean management, first introduced by Toyota, appeals because it holds out a promise no other approach can make not only does it cut costs and improve quality, but it also stabilizes operations and matches supply with demand. A companywide lean transformation program structured around the improvement of Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) may unearth a hidden capacity that is equivalent to adding another plant to the manufacturing network. Lean, however, should not only be applied in production, but across the entire value chain. 

However, site services and infrastructure are not only a major driver of cost competitiveness. Some of the services are also crucial for improving plant effectiveness. Maintenance performance, for instance, can have a huge impact on plant output. Unplanned breakdowns, often caused by failure to implement the most effective maintenance strategy or by poor execution, can lead to as much as a 20 percent loss in overall equipment effectiveness (OEE see also Chapter 18). On the utilities side, significant cost advantages can be captured, e.g., by providing... 

Overall equipment surface area Higher Lower BM Required separate in-line milling process introduces greater equipment surface area... 

Shell also offers for license a -selective version of the Shell ADIP Process. The ADIP process, which has a flow scheme very similar to Sulfinol, can be used to treat the Sulfinol acid gas to raise the H2S concentration by selectively rejecting the CO2. Some integration of the SCOT process with the ADIP process is often possible thus, reducing overall equipment and operating costs. Costs for the Claus plant are substantially reduced when "selective" ADIP is applied. Two selective ADIP plants are scheduled to come on stream in the first half of 1979. 

The size and growth of the overall equipment market naturally tempts company strategists into planning entry into the "Electronics Market". For chemical companies this usually means entry at the substrate level. However, what is ignored is that much of the added value occurs in the design and final assembly of the finished black box. PCBs and Hybrids account for only 2.5% of the overall electronics market, and the total value of substrates involved in these two sectors only accounts for some 0.8% of the finished equipment value, and therefore appears to be a very insignificant factor. 

Cemented carbide parts are used for demanding wear applications. They are primarily made of tungsten carbide and contain a small percentage of binder such as nickel or cobalt to provide structural homogeneity. Cemented carbides products include knives, blades, nozzles, jets guides, valve seats, seal parts, etc. The properties and design of cemented carbides strongly influence part life and overall equipment reliability. 

In the end, the anticipated application should decide the overall equipment, accessories and design of the device. 

Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) A world-class metric that originated from the total productive maintenance (TPM) movement, which evaluates critical equipment in terms of equip-... 

Percent asset utilization A good metric that evaluates how well the overall capacity of an asset is being used in the operation. It should be supplemented by measurement of overall equipment effectiveness (OEE). 

Improved failure and repair analysis A CMMS provides the means to track work order and equipment history data related to types of repairs, frequencies, tmd causes for failure. It allows maintenance to have key information on failure trends that leads to eliminating toot causes of failures and improving overall equipment reliability. 

Overall Craft Effectiveness (OCE) Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)... 

The number of circuits which can be placed on one silicon "chip" is restricted by the difficulty of keeping the wafer of silicon bonded to its ceramic substrate as it heats up. At present, the most frequently used packaging material is alumina which has a thermal expansion coefficient, nearly twice that of silicon. Differential expansion between the silicon and its substrate is containable in current packages but the manufacturers want to move to larger circuits, for faster computers and to reduce size and cost of the overall equipment, so differences in expansion set a limit on how large the circuits can be. The semiconductor companies have a real need for a substrate material with thermal expansion similar to that of silicon. (Table 3)... 

The operation of a large scale electrolysis system implies first of all a huge and sustainable investment for the customer or operator, to which great expectations are knotted to. Besides this investment, mainly operation and maintenance costs have major influence on the economics. In the industrial content, most of the time the total costs of ownership (TCO) are taken into account for evaluating the time frame for the return on investment (ROI) , which lies between 3 and 5 years normally. The key performance indicator is the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) as a result of the multiplication of availability, productivity and quality rates (Fig. 12.5). 

Fig. 12.5 Overall equipment effectiveness—evaluation scale for systems and plants ( Siemens AG)...

OEE. The OEE or Overall Equipment Effectiveness is a parameter used to measure the production efficiency of industrial machinery with respect to its ideal equivalent [6]. Based on the fundamental principles that you cannot manage what is not measured and measuring what is not managed is useless, its application in this work becomes invaluable. OEE is calculated based on the following equation, wherein all data are expressed in percentages ... 

A.S. Relkar, K.N. Nandurkar. Optimizing Analysing Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), through design of experiments. Procedia Engineering, 38 (2012), pp. 2973-2980. 

The most important KPl within maintenance management is Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE). OLE is a KPl for visualizing losses within availability, performance and quality for production machines. By visualizing the size of these losses, OEE reveals the improvement potential. The figure is calculated by multiplying availability rate, performance rate and quality rate (Koch 2007). 

Component As defined in NHB 5300.41(10-2), A combination of parts, devices, and structures, usually self-contained, which performs a distinctive function in the operation of the overall equipment. A black box (e.g., transmitter, encoder, cryogenic pump, star tracker) (NSTS 22254). 

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