Reactive hazards

Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory, 5th ed., ed. S. G. Luxon (Cambridge Royal Society of Chemistry, 1992). 

Health Saf, 3, 28-36, 1996 (peroxidizable organic compounds). 

Organic Chemist s Desk Reference, Second Edition 

Etiiers and acetals widi a-hydrogen atoms Olefins widi allylic hydrogen atoms Chloroolefins and fluoroolefins Vinyl halides, esters, and ethers Dienes 

All larenes diat contain tertiary hydrogen atoms 

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Further dechlorination may occur with the formation of substituted diphenyhnethanes. If enough aluminum metal is present, the Friedel-Crafts reactions involved may generate considerable heat and smoke and substantial amounts of hydrogen chloride, which reacts with more aluminum metal, rapidly forming AlCl. The addition of an epoxide inhibits the initiation of this reaction by consuming HCl. Alkali, alkaline-earth, magnesium, and zinc metals also present a potential reactivity hazard with chlorinated solvents such as methylene chloride. 

Reactivity hazard rating in yellow at three o clock... 

Reactive Hazard Review Reactive hazards should be evaluated using reviews on all new processes and on all existing processes on a periodic basis. There is no substitute for experience, good judgment, and good data in evaluating potential hazards. Reviews should include ... 

Use reactor calorimetry testing to determine thermodynamics and kinetics of process. See Appendix 2A (Chemical reactivity hazards screening). 

Characterizing chemicai reactivity hazards invoives a review of the inherent thermai hazards of the pure process materiais as weii as the thermai hazards of the materiais under processing conditions. Gaining this understanding and characterizing thermaiiy hazardous systems is a muitistep process. 

An elementary introduction to chemistry is given in Chapter 3 this serves only to provide background and for more advanced consideration reference will be necessary to specific text books, e.g. as listed in the Bibliography. A brief discussion of the relevance of physicochemical principles to hazard identification is given in Chapter 4. Relevant toxic and flammable properties, and summaries of appropriate precautions to cater for them during handling, use and disposal, are provided in Chapters 5 and 6, respectively. Reactive hazards are discussed in Chapter 7. The special problems with cryogenic materials and chemicals under pressure, typified by compressed... 

According to EPCRA, facilities should provide either an MSDS or a list of chemicals to the SERC, LEPC, and local fire department. If facilities choose to supply only a list, the list should include specific information including health hazards, fire hazards, reactivity hazards, and physical data for every chemical on the list. Although only a list is required, the additional requirements for specific information makes the submission of only a list a rare occurrence. The use of MSD sheets is one of the most commonly used tools to convey this information. 

The information to be compiled about the chemicals, including process intermediates, needs to be comprehensive enough for an accurate assessment of the fire and explosion characteristics, reactivity hazards, the safety and health hazards to workers, and the corrosion and erosion effects on the process equipment and monitoring tools. Current material safety data sheet (MSDS) information can be used to help meet this requirement but must be supplemented with process chemistry information, including runaway reaction and over-pressure hazards, if applicable. 

Adequacy of cleaning out, and removal of residues from, the previous chemical carried to avoid cross-contamination and potential reactive hazards on refilling. 

Reactive hazards, 44, 228 explosive, 235 mixtures, 231, 468 pyrophoric, 17, 214 thermal runaway, 252 unstable, 228 water-sensitive, 228... 

With regard to inflammability, NFPA coding classifies reactivity hazard into five degrees from 0 (no danger) to 4 (maximum danger), defined as follows ... 

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