Genotoxicity assays

Methyl parathion has been tested in numerous genotoxicity assays using prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems with both positive and negative results. Results of these studies are summarized in Tables 3-5 and 3-6. [Pg.82]

Simmon VF, Poole DC, Riccio ES, et al. 1979. In vitro mutagenicity and genotoxicity assays of 38 pesticides [Abstract]. Environ Mutagen 1 142-143. [Pg.231]

ICH guidelines specifically require three genotoxicity assays for all devices (see Table 6.2). The assays should preferably evaluate DNA effects, gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations, and two of the assays should preferably use mammalian cells. Guidance for providing tests for selection to meet these needs are the OECD guidelines, which include 8 in vitro and 7 in vivo assays. [Pg.193]

W. K. Lutz, S. Vamvakas, A. Kopp-Schneider, J. Schlatter and H. Stopper, Deviation from additivity in mixture toxicity relevance of nonlinear dose-response relationships and cell line differences in genotoxicity assays with combinations of chemical mutagens and g-radiation. Environmental Health Perspectives Supplements, 2002,110(6), 915-918. [Pg.119]

In general, several doses are tested in genotoxicity assays. Determination of experimental dose-response relationships may be used to assess the genotoxic potential of a substance, as indicated below (EC 2003) ... [Pg.160]

Genotoxic assays have yielded primarily negative results, and aldrin does not appear to react directly with the DNA molecule. ... [Pg.31]

In genotoxic assays in vivo treatment induced sister chromatid exchanges in the bone marrow of mice, and DNA strand breakage was induced in the liver and kidney of rats. / vitro aniline was not mutagenic to bacteria and did not cause DNA damage. ... [Pg.51]

Both positive and negative results have been reported in in vitro genotoxic assays of antimony and compounds." Antimony triox-... [Pg.53]

In genotoxic assays inorganic arsenicals are either inactive or weak mutagens but are able to produce chromosomal effects including aberrations and sister chromatid exchange in most test systems. Studies of exposed human have detected higher incidences of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes and increases in the frequency of micronuclei in the oral mucosa cells, urothelial cells, and peripheral blood lymphocytes. ... [Pg.57]

The lARC has determined that there is sufficient evidence in both humans and animals for the carcinogenicity of beryllium and beryllium compounds. Genotoxic assays have provided contradictory results. ... [Pg.83]

In genotoxic assays bromodichloromethane produced positive and negative results. It caused sister chromatid exchange in human lymphocytes but not in Chinese hamster cells chromosomal aberrations were observed in two of three studies it induced mutations in some bacterial assays. ... [Pg.92]

Bromoform has shown positive and negative results in a variety of in vitro genotoxic assays. In vivo it did not induce micronuclei in mouse bone marrow and did not cause unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat liver. ... [Pg.94]

No studies are available to evaluate the carcinogenic risk of cyanide exposure in humans or animals. The cyanide salts are not mutagenic in a variety of genotoxic assays. ... [Pg.191]

DDT has given both positive and negative results in a wide variety of genotoxic assays. In general, it appears that DDT is not a significant genotoxic hazard at environmentally relevant concentrations. ... [Pg.203]

In in vivo genotoxic assays o-dichloroben-zene induced micronuclei in the bone marrow of mice and was found to bind covalently to DNA, RNA, and proteins. Furthermore, a significant and persistent increase in chromosomal aberrations was observed in the peripheral blood of accidentally exposed workers. [Pg.221]

In genotoxic assays the cis isomer induced chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells after intraperitoneal injections. Neither isomer was mutagenic in bacterial assays, nor did they produce chromosomal aberrations or sister chromatid exchanges in mammalian cells in vitroJ... [Pg.229]

In genotoxic assays DMP was determined to be a weak bacterial mutagen. ... [Pg.272]

Equivocal results have been reported in genotoxic assays, including positive and negative results in bacterial assays and sister chromatid exchange studies. Mutagenic potential was not demonstrated in assays for chromosomal aberrations, nor did disulfoton induce micronuclei in mice exposed in vivo ... [Pg.289]

Inconsistent results have been reported in a variety of genotoxic assays both in vivo and in... [Pg.353]

The lARC has concluded that there is sufficient evidence that heptachlor epoxide is carcinogenic in experimental animals and that it is possibly carcinogenic to humans. The majority of genotoxic assays suggest that heptachlor epoxide is not genotoxic. ... [Pg.368]

In genotoxic assays, commercial hexane, consisting of -hexane and other six-carbon isomers, did not produce chromosomal mutations either in vitro or in vivo Results have generally been negative in bacterial assays and in other mammalian cell assays. Morphologic alterations in sperm were noted in one inhalation study in rats. ... [Pg.381]

Genotoxic assays both in vivo and in vitro have shown positive and negative results. ... [Pg.422]

Repeated subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection of manganese dichloride caused increased incidences of lymphosarcomas in mice. Chronic oral exposure of rats to manganese sulfate led to a slight increase in pancreatic tumors that was not dose responsive." There is no information relating manganese exposure to cancer occurrence in humans." Genotoxic assays have yielded mixed results."... [Pg.434]

Results from a number of genotoxic assays show that MIBK exhibits very little, if any, mutagenic activity. Existing studies also demonstrate that MIBK is not teratogenic. In two-generation reproductive studies, rats exposed at up to 2 000 ppm 6 hours/day had some central nervous system effects and... [Pg.484]

In genotoxic assays both positive and negative results have been reported. A cytogenic study of 35 patients admitted to the hospital after exposure to MIC at Bhopal found no significant effects on sister chromatid exchanges, chromosomal aberrations, or cell cycle. Other studies have found chromosomal abnormalities (especially translocations) in exposed individuals. ... [Pg.486]

In genotoxic assays BNA induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in human cells in vitro and chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, DNA strand breaks, and unscheduled DNA synthesis in rodent cells in vitro-, in vivo it formed DNA adducts in bladder and liver cells of dogs. ... [Pg.508]

ONCB has given positive and negative results in a variety of genotoxic assays In mammalian cells in vitro it has induced sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberrations, and in vivo it has caused DNA damage in mice it was not mutagenic in insects in bacterial assays without metabolic activation. ... [Pg.520]

In genotoxic assays PNCB induced reverse mutations but not primary damage in bacteria. At toxic doses, it induced chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchange, and repairable DNA breaks in cultured mammalian cells. In vivo it induced DNA damage in mice. ... [Pg.521]

Parathion was not mutagenic in a wide range of in vitro genotoxic assays. ... [Pg.553]

In genotoxic assays, the silver ion caused DNA strand breaks in vitro but silver compounds were not mutagenic in several bacterial assays. ... [Pg.633]

Both positive and negative findings have been reported in genotoxic assays of styrene oxide. It has induced gene mutations in bacteria and rodent cells in vitro and caused chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange both in vivo and in vitro ... [Pg.643]

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