Genotoxicity sister-chromatid exchange assay

The compound was not mutagenic in bacterial assays or genotoxic in sister chromatid exchange assays but was immunotoxic, decreasing the rate of lymphocyte proliferation in... 

Antimony trioxide was genotoxic in a number of older bacterial mutation assays but not in more recent studies. Positive results were observed with antimony trioxide in the in vitro cytogenetic assay with human lymphocytes and the sister chromatid exchange assay with V79-cells, but not in the L5178Y mutation assay. 

A 13-week inhalation study in rats sponsored by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) has been completed, but the results were not published as of March 1996. The NTP has also reported that an inhalation carcinogenicity study in rats has been planned, but no details on this study are available. Preliminary reports on NTP-funded genotoxicity studies indicate positive results in a sister chromatid exchange assay (in vitro) and negative results in both a chromosome aberration assay (in vitro) and in two Salmonella tests. No further data on these studies were available. 

Genotoxicity Bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) Sister chromatid exchange assay Bacteria Mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells 95% confidence, control = sample 95% confidence, control = sample... 

Genotoxic Effects. No studies were located regarding the genotoxicity of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine in humans by any route of exposure. A limited number of assays have been conducted using bacteria, mammalian cell and whole animal systems. As indicated in Table 2-2, 1,2-diphenylhydrazine was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium, out not in Escherichia coli, and produced chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster cells. An exogenous metabolic activation system was necessary for expression of the aforementioned effects. In in vivo studies... 

In genotoxic assays in vivo treatment induced sister chromatid exchanges in the bone marrow of mice, and DNA strand breakage was induced in the liver and kidney of rats. / vitro aniline was not mutagenic to bacteria and did not cause DNA damage. ... 

In genotoxic assays inorganic arsenicals are either inactive or weak mutagens but are able to produce chromosomal effects including aberrations and sister chromatid exchange in most test systems. Studies of exposed human have detected higher incidences of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes and increases in the frequency of micronuclei in the oral mucosa cells, urothelial cells, and peripheral blood lymphocytes. ... 

BA s metabolites are genotoxic in the Ames mutation test and caused unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocytes. In an in vivo mutagenic assay, male CD rats (6/group) were dosed three times with BA over a 24-hour interval by intratracheal instillation. Lung cells were enzymatically separated and used to determine the frequency of DNA adducts, sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and micronuclei. BA induced DNA adducts, SCEs, and micronuclei in this rat lung cell system. 

In genotoxic assays bromodichloromethane produced positive and negative results. It caused sister chromatid exchange in human lymphocytes but not in Chinese hamster cells chromosomal aberrations were observed in two of three studies it induced mutations in some bacterial assays. ... 

Cresol mixtures and the o- and p-isomers have been found to be weakly genotoxic in some in vitro assays inducing sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells/ Results were negative with the meta-isomer, as were all in vivo assays. 

Studies in several test systems have shown DCB to be genotoxic in vitro and in vivo and suggest that this effect most likely mediates the carcinogenicity of the chemical. In vitro, DCB has induced sister chromatid exchanges, unscheduled DNA synthesis, and positive responses in bacterial Salmonella assays in vivo DCB induced micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes in male mice and fetuses. ... 

In genotoxic assays the cis isomer induced chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells after intraperitoneal injections. Neither isomer was mutagenic in bacterial assays, nor did they produce chromosomal aberrations or sister chromatid exchanges in mammalian cells in vitroJ... 

In a number of short-term assays, DMF was not mutagenic or genotoxic. Inconsistent results have been reported in human in vivo studies for sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberration frequencies. ... 

Equivocal results have been reported in genotoxic assays, including positive and negative results in bacterial assays and sister chromatid exchange studies. Mutagenic potential was not demonstrated in assays for chromosomal aberrations, nor did disulfoton induce micronuclei in mice exposed in vivo ... 

Furfural was genotoxic in vitro in mammalian cells, causing chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations, and sister chromatid exchanges it was not mutagenic in a number of bacterial assays. ... 

In genotoxic assays both positive and negative results have been reported. A cytogenic study of 35 patients admitted to the hospital after exposure to MIC at Bhopal found no significant effects on sister chromatid exchanges, chromosomal aberrations, or cell cycle. Other studies have found chromosomal abnormalities (especially translocations) in exposed individuals. ... 

In genotoxic assays BNA induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in human cells in vitro and chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, DNA strand breaks, and unscheduled DNA synthesis in rodent cells in vitro-, in vivo it formed DNA adducts in bladder and liver cells of dogs. ... 

ONCB has given positive and negative results in a variety of genotoxic assays In mammalian cells in vitro it has induced sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberrations, and in vivo it has caused DNA damage in mice it was not mutagenic in insects in bacterial assays without metabolic activation. ... 

In genotoxic assays PNCB induced reverse mutations but not primary damage in bacteria. At toxic doses, it induced chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchange, and repairable DNA breaks in cultured mammalian cells. In vivo it induced DNA damage in mice. ... 

Nitropropane is genotoxic in a variety of assays including the kmes Salmonella assay, in vitro sister chromatid exchange, and chromosome aberrations and unscheduled DNA synthesis assay. ... 

Both positive and negative findings have been reported in genotoxic assays of styrene oxide. It has induced gene mutations in bacteria and rodent cells in vitro and caused chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange both in vivo and in vitro ... 

Tetranitromethane was genotoxic in a number of assays inducing chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells. ... 

The lARC has determined that there is evidence for the lack of carcinogenicity of toluene in experimental animals and that there is inadequate evidence for carcinogenicity in humans." Results of in vitro assays generally indicate that toluene is not genotoxic. Reports of increased incidences of sister chromatid exchanges and chromatid breaks in exposed workers are confounded by concurrent exposure to other organic chemicals. ... 

In genotoxic assays, TDI has produced chromosomal aberrations, base pair substim-tion, firameshift mutations, and DNA stand breaks of human white blood cells in vitro It induced gene mutation and sister chromatid exchanges but not DNA damage or chromosomal aberrations in cultured rodent cells5° It did not induce micronuclei in mammalian eiythro-qn es in vivo. 

In genotoxic assays o-toluidine induced sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in vitro, and in vivo it enhanced sister chromatid exchanges but gave equivocal results for micronuclei and sperm morphology."... 

Toxaphene has been found to be genotoxic in a number of assays. It was mutagenic in Sal-Ttimella typhimurium, and increased the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in cell culture. In one study toxaphene-exposed individuals had a higher incidence of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes than controls. However, in vivo toxaphene did not bind to DNA or produce dominant lethal mutations. ... 

Triethanolamine was not genotoxic in a variety of assays." It was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium and did not induce sister chromatid exchanges or chromosomal aberrations in vitro. In vivo there was no increase in the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes in treated rodents. 

Vinyl acetate was genotoxic in a number of mammalian system assays, inducing micronuclei, chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchange, and DNA cross-links. It has also been noted that the primary metabolite of vinyl acetate, acetaldehyde, is genotoxic in a wide range of assays. 

Vinyl chloride was genotoxic in a variety of in vitro assays. It is also reportedly mutagenic and clastogenic in humans. Increased frequencies of chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, and sister chromatid exchanges have been found in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to high levels of vinyl chloride. ... 

In genotoxic assays, 2,6-xylidine induced sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in cultured mammalian cells but did not induce micronuclei in the bone marrow of mice treated in vivo conflicting results have been reported in the Salmonella typhimurium assay ... 

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