Film technology

Thick film technology Thick-walled cylinders Thielavia basicola Thiele-Geddes model Thiele modulus Thiele s hydrocarbon... 

Equally important as tape casting in the fabrication of multilayer ceramics is thick film processing. Thick film technology is widely used in microelectronics for resistor networks, hybrid integrated circuitry, and discrete components, such as capacitors and inductors along with metallization of MLC capacitors and packages as mentioned above. 

Fig. 9. Monolithic multilayer ceramics (MMCs) derived from multilayer capacitor, high temperature cofire, and thick film technologies.

K. R. Osborn and W. A. Jenkins, Plastic Films-Technology and Packaging Applications, Technomic Publishing Co., Inc., Lancaster, Pa., 1992. 

With respect to recording systems, modem developments and knowledge of electronics, mechanics, control engineering, etc, have also led to an increase of the densities in actual commercial systems. Thin-film technologies have changed the media and heads, but for increasing the density other... 

L. I. Maisel and R. Clang, eds.. Handbook ofThin-Film Technology, McGraw-HiU Book Co., Inc., New York, 1970. 

The uses of spunbonded fabrics as coverstock in diapers and other personal absorbent devices will most likely remain unchallenged for the near term. Virtually any other nonwoven production method appears to be at a cost disadvantage opposite spunbonded polypropylene. There have been composite products developed from meltblown and spunbonded combinations, where areas of either improved hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity are desired. These products can be produced on-line at relatively low additional cost and offer high value to diaper manufacturers. Any competitive threat is likely to come from advances in film technology such as large improvements in perforated film used in segments of absorbent product appHcations, particularly sanitary napkins. 

Miscellaneous. Ruthenium dioxide-based thick-film resistors have been used as secondary thermometers below I K (92). Ruthenium dioxide-coated anodes ate the most widely used anode for chlorine production (93). Ruthenium(IV) oxide and other compounds ate used in the electronics industry as resistor material in apphcations where thick-film technology is used to print electrical circuits (94) (see Electronic materials). Ruthenium electroplate has similar properties to those of rhodium, but is much less expensive. Electrolytes used for mthenium electroplating (95) include [Ru2Clg(OH2)2N] Na2[Ru(N02)4(N0)0H] [13859-66-0] and (NH 2P uds(NO)] [13820-58-1], Several photocatalytic cycles that generate... 

R. S. Holmes and R. G. Loasby, Handbook of Thick Film Technology, Electrochemical PubHcations, 1976. 

StiU another method used to produce PV cells is provided by thin-fiLm technologies. Thin films ate made by depositing semiconductor materials on a sohd substrate such as glass or metal sheet. Among the wide variety of thin-fiLm materials under development ate amorphous siUcon, polycrystaUine sUicon, copper indium diselenide, and cadmium teUuride. Additionally, development of multijunction thin-film PV cells is being explored. These cells use multiple layers of thin-film sUicon alloys or other semiconductors tailored to respond to specific portions of the light spectmm. 

W. R. R. Park, ed.. Plastics Film Technology, Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1969. 

D. J. Mattox, Surface Cleaning in Thin-Film Technology, American Vacuum Society, New York, 1975. 

R. Halle, Structure, properties and blown film processing of a new family of linear ethylene polymers, SME Blown Film Technology Seminar, Oct 1993, USA. 

Most experts consider tlnn-film technology to be the future of the PV industiy because of the reduced material rec uirements, the reduced energy required to manufacture thin film devices, and the ability to manufacture thin films on a mass-production basis. 

Other uses are in thin film technology where coatings are applied by vacuum deposition. Tungsten boats, or coils fabricated from wire are heated by direct resistance heating and used to evaporate Ag, Al, Au, B, Ba, Ce, Cr, Fe, In, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pa, Pt, SiO, Te, V, Zn and Zr. 

The photovoltaic industry is slowly expanding with continuous advances in materials and thin-film technology. The deposition techniques, which were at first based mostly on sputtering and evaporation, are now increasingly relying on CVD. 

O2, and hydrocarbons, leading to a NH3 selective sensor. Arguments in favor of using a zeolite-based sensor in NH3 detection for automotive apphcations are low cost, high temperature stability, and suitability for use in thick-film technology, of common use in the automotive industry [72]. The sensors were tested on an engine test bank and the authors claim that the sensor itself meets aU the technological and economical demands of the automotive industry [73]. 

The added value, variety of use, and methods to apply zeohte coatings or films in sensor apphcations has been convincingly demonstrated. Although current trends focus on miniaturization of sensors and creating smaUer zeohte crystals and thinner films, to decrease the response time of the sensor [79], often thick-film technology is sufficient to apply zeohte films for this type of application. Some sensor materials cannot withstand the high temperatures necessary for template removal by air calcination. Recent work demonstrated that ozonication yields... 

A prime contender for leading thin film technology as applied to solar cells is cadmium telluride (CdTe). Its bandgap is almost ideal for use as a solar cell for energy conversion from the Sun s spectrum. Here, CdTe and cadmium sulfide (CdS) are used to produce a low cost thin film solar cell... 

Puddephatt, R.J. (1999) Gold metal and gold alloys in electronics and thin film technology, in Gold Progress in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology (ed. H. Schmidbaur), John Wiley Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK pp- 237—256. 

Another thin film technology based nanoparticle preparation route is gas condensation, in which metal vapor is cooled to high levels of supersaturation in an inert gas ambient [126-128]. In these experiments particles necessarily nucleate in the gas phase. In a promising extension of this technique a pulsed laser beam replaces the conventionally used thermal metal vapor source [120,121,129-134]. 

Maurice H. Francombe, Frontiers of Thin Film Technology, Volume 28, 2001. 

Mutzenburg, A. B. (1965) Chem. Eng., NY 72 (Sept. 13th) 175. Agitated evaporators, Part 1, thin-film technology. 

Mutzenburg, A.B. Agitated Thin Film Evaporators—Thin Film Technology, Chemical Engineering, Sept. 13,1965, p. 175. 

Puddephatt, R. J. Gold Metal and Gold Alloys in Electronics and Thin Film Technology. In Gold, Progress in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology. Schmidbaur, H., Ed. Wiley Chichester, U.K., 1999 pp 237-256. 

J. G. Simmons, in Handbook of Thin Film Technology, Ed. by L. I. Maissel and R. Glang, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1970. 

Salame M Plastic Film Technology High Barrier Plastic Films for Packaging. Tech-nomic, Lancaster, Basel... 

M.A. Sirvent, A. Merkoci, and S. Alegret, Pesticide determination in tap water and juice samples using disposable amperometric biosensors made using thick-film technology. Anal. Chim. Acta 442, 35-44 (2001). 

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