Thin-film technology

With respect to recording systems, modem developments and knowledge of electronics, mechanics, control engineering, etc, have also led to an increase of the densities in actual commercial systems. Thin-film technologies have changed the media and heads, but for increasing the density other... 

L. I. Maissel and R. Glang, Handbook of Thin Film Technology, McGraw-HiU Book Co., Inc., New York, 1970. 

StiU another method used to produce PV cells is provided by thin-fiLm technologies. Thin films ate made by depositing semiconductor materials on a sohd substrate such as glass or metal sheet. Among the wide variety of thin-fiLm materials under development ate amorphous siUcon, polycrystaUine sUicon, copper indium diselenide, and cadmium teUuride. Additionally, development of multijunction thin-film PV cells is being explored. These cells use multiple layers of thin-film sUicon alloys or other semiconductors tailored to respond to specific portions of the light spectmm. 

D. J. Mattox, Surface Cleaning in Thin-Film Technology, American Vacuum Society, New York, 1975. 

Other uses are in thin film technology where coatings are applied by vacuum deposition. Tungsten boats, or coils fabricated from wire are heated by direct resistance heating and used to evaporate Ag, Al, Au, B, Ba, Ce, Cr, Fe, In, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pa, Pt, SiO, Te, V, Zn and Zr. 

The photovoltaic industry is slowly expanding with continuous advances in materials and thin-film technology. The deposition techniques, which were at first based mostly on sputtering and evaporation, are now increasingly relying on CVD. 

A prime contender for leading thin film technology as applied to solar cells is cadmium telluride (CdTe). Its bandgap is almost ideal for use as a solar cell for energy conversion from the Sun s spectrum. Here, CdTe and cadmium sulfide (CdS) are used to produce a low cost thin film solar cell... 

Puddephatt, R.J. (1999) Gold metal and gold alloys in electronics and thin film technology, in Gold Progress in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology (ed. H. Schmidbaur), John Wiley Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK pp- 237—256. 

Another thin film technology based nanoparticle preparation route is gas condensation, in which metal vapor is cooled to high levels of supersaturation in an inert gas ambient [126-128]. In these experiments particles necessarily nucleate in the gas phase. In a promising extension of this technique a pulsed laser beam replaces the conventionally used thermal metal vapor source [120,121,129-134]. 

Maurice H. Francombe, Frontiers of Thin Film Technology, Volume 28, 2001. 

Mutzenburg, A. B. (1965) Chem. Eng., NY 72 (Sept. 13th) 175. Agitated evaporators, Part 1, thin-film technology. 

Mutzenburg, A.B. Agitated Thin Film Evaporators—Thin Film Technology, Chemical Engineering, Sept. 13,1965, p. 175. 

Puddephatt, R. J. Gold Metal and Gold Alloys in Electronics and Thin Film Technology. In Gold, Progress in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology. Schmidbaur, H., Ed. Wiley Chichester, U.K., 1999 pp 237-256. 

Muffler, H.-J. Fischer, Ch.-H. Diesner, K. Lux-Steiner, M. C. 2001. ILGAR— A novel thin-film technology for sulfides. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 67 121-127. 

This chapter provides a brief survey of work on bottom-up assembly of high-quality NW building blocks for various applications, ranging from nanoscale electronics and optoelectronics to large-area thin-film technologies. 

An economic large-scale production of platinum temperature sensors is now possible due to the application of modern manufacturing techniques based on thin-film technology. This development has led to price levels which were previously the exclusive domain of NTC elements. 

Given this situation, it is not surprising that, over the last few years, products based on platinum thin film technology have been finding their way into the home. With the growing use of electronic control systems in the new generation of domestic appliances, platinum temperature sensors have been more widely used in ovens where they have replaced electromechanical regulators such as capillary tubes, solid expansion thermometers and NTC thermistors. Typical sensor applications in the food preparation sector are shown in Fig. 5.3. 

H20, humidity Capacitive polmyer sensors and ceramic sensors Thin film technology and thick film technology... 

B. Schroder, Thin-film technology based on hydrogenated amorphous-silicon, Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 139 319-333, 1991. 

Thin-film solar cells, 23 26 preparation of, 17 55-58 Thin-film strain gauges, 20 654-655 Thin-film technologies, advantages of, 23 47... 

MUTZENBURG, A. B. Chem Eng., Albany 72, No. 19 (13 Sept. 1965) 175 - 8. Agitated thin film evaporators. Part I. Thin film technology. 

Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (ITSOFC) The electrolyte and electrode materials in this fuel cell are basically the same as used in the TSOFC. The ITSOFC operates at a lower temperature, however, typically between 600 to 800°C. For this reason, thin film technology is being developed to promote ionic conduction alternative electrolyte materials are also being developed. 

Maissel, L. I. Glang, R. "Handbook of Thin Film Technology" McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1970. 

These features imply that the cost reduction potential for thin-film technology is very high and it is thus capable, in the longer term, of extending the P V learning curve beyond the point that can be reached by crystalline silicon technology. 

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