Fibroblast-like

There are important methodologic considerations which apply to the use of cultured amniotic fluid cells for the detection of biochemical disorders. The first is that the enzymes which can be sampled are those which are usually present in fibroblasts or fibroblast-like cells. Therefore, conditions such as phenylketonuria and glycogen storage disease type I, which are associated with deficiencies of enzymes present only in liver and kidney, are not amenable to this approach. The same also pertains to enzyme deficiencies affecting other specific tissues. 

Con A Concanavalin A COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COS Fibroblast-like kidney cell line established from simian cells CoVF Cobra venom CP Creatine phosphate Cp Caeruloplasmin c.p.m. Counts per minute CPJ Cartilage/pannus junction Cr The chemical symbol fir chromium CR Complement receptor CRl, CR2 CR4 Complement receptor types 1, 2 and 4 CR3-a Complement receptor type 3-[Pg.281]

DC, dendritic cell EC, endothelial cell EpC, epithelial cell FDC, follicular dendritic cell FDL, foot draining lymph FLS, fibroblast-like synoviocyte MC, mast cell MDDC, monocyte-derived dendritic cell MLS, macrophage-like synoviocyte MNC, mononuclear cell Mo, monocyte M0, macrophage OB, osteoblast pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cell PMNs, polymorphonuclear neutrophils SC, stromal cell STC, synovium tissue cell TB, trabecular bone. 

Bradfield PF, Amft N, Vemon-Wilson E, et al. Rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes overexpress the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (CXCL12), which supports distinct patterns and rates of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell migration within synovial tissue. Arthritis Rheum 2003 48(9) 2472-2482. 

Nanki T, Nagasaka K, Hayashida K, Saita Y, Miyasaka N. Chemokines regulate IL-6 and IL-8 production by fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol 2001 167(9) 5381—5385. 

Cell morphology Chondrocyte-like Fibroblast-like... 

Non-polarising BHK CHO Cos-1, Cos-7 HEK-293 (Baby) Syrian hamster kidney, fibroblast-like Chinese hamster ovary, fibroblast-like African green monkey kidney, fibroblast-like Human embryonic kidney, epithelial... 

Langner J Gene expression induced by interleukin-17 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis upregulation of hyaluronan-binding protein TSG-6. Arthritis Res Ther 2003 5 R186-R192. 

Kennedy, A.R. (1984). Promotion and other interactions between agents in the induction of transformation in vitro in fibroblast-like cell culture systems, in Mechanisms of Thmor Promotion, VoL 3. Thmor Promotion and Carcinogenesis In Vitro, Slaga, T.J., Ed. (CRC Press, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio). 

Adhesion of mononuclear cells from human bone marrow aspirates (BM-MNC) to tissue culture plastic and removal of nonadherent cells during the first days of culture selects for a population of proliferating spindle-shaped fibroblast-like non-... 

Varani K, De Mattei M, Vincenzi F, Gessi S, Merighi S, Pellati A, Ongaro A, Caruso A, Cadossi R, Borea PA (2008a) Characterization of adenosine receptors in bovine chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes exposed to low frequency low energy pulsed electromagnetic fields. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 16(3) 292-304... 

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated when circulating factor VII encounters tissue factor. Tissue factor is a transmembrane glycoprotein, which is normally expressed by subendothelial fibroblast-like cells, which surround the blood vessel. An intact endothelium normally shields the circulating blood from exposure to tissue factor. The tissue factor molecule consists of a 219 amino acid hydrophilic extracellular domain, a 23 amino acid hydrophobic region that spans the membrane, and a 21 amino acid cytoplasmic tail that anchors the molecule to the cell membrane (15,16). Other sites of tissue factor expression include activated monocytes, activated endothelial cells, and atherosclerotic plaques. 

H. G. Welgs, E. J. Campbell, Z Bar-Shavit, R. M. Senior, and 5. L. Teitelbaom. Hunan alveolar macroptiAges produce a fibroblast-like coUagenasc and collagenase... 

Cultured cells are described as being fibroblast-like (spindle shaped) or epithelial-like (polygonal). These names are not very useful as the shape of cells varies depending on the medium and cell density. Furthermore, as cells from an increasingly varied tissue source are being cultured, cells are best described with regard to their origin, e.g. neuronal cells, myoblasts, lymphocytes etc. Many tissues contain two or more types of cell and this can lead to confusion. 

COS-7 cells, African green monkey kidney fibroblast-like cell line ATCC CRL-1651... 

Monolayers of articular chondrocytes can be used as well, but preferentially short-term (up to three days of culture), as under this culture condition chondrocytes tend to dedifferentiate to a fibroblast-like appearance and metabolic program. Authors using this modification are e.g. Kolibas and Goldberg (1989), Lane et al. (1992), and McCollum et al. (1991). The importance of culture conditions is addressed in the study by Seid et al. (1993), and that of culture duration in the paper by van der Kraan et al. (1992). 

Other primary cells, like cardiomyocytes or chondrocytes, can rapidly undergo de-differentiation to fibroblast-like cells when plated on a two-dimensional (flat) surface. In this case, three-dimensional matrices can help maintain the original features. BioLevitator by Hamilton Robotics, 3D Insert by 3dbiotek, and 3D cell culture by Invitrogen are only some of the products available to facilitate the correct growth and morphology of particular primary cell types. 

Immortalised cell cultures, or cell lines, overcome this because they are clones which have been propagated over several hundreds of cell generations. The obvious advantage is a continuous and steady supply of cells in the laboratory. More than 150 continuous cell lines have been established from fish. Most of them are either fibroblast-like or epithelial-like, and originate mainly from the tissues of Salmonid or... 

Burger, D., Begue-Pastor, N., Benavent, S., Gruaz, L., Kauemann, M. T., Chicheportiche, R., Dayer, J. M. (2003). The active metabolite of Leflunomide, A77 1726, inhibits the production of prostaglandin E(2), matrix metalloproteinase 1 and interleukin 6 in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Rheumatology (Oxford) 42, 89-96. 

Blood flow to the two kidneys is approximately 22-25% of the cardiac output. The kidneys are supplied by the renal artery which enters the kidneys through the hilum and then branches progressively to form the interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries (also called radial arteries), and afferent arterioles, which lead to the glomerular capillaries. The distal ends of each glomerulus coalesce to form the efferent arteriole, which leads to a secondary capillary network, the peritubular capillaries which surround the renal tubules. The cortex receives approximately 90% of the blood flow compared to the medulla or papillae so blood-borne toxic molecules reaching the kidneys have a more toxic effect on the cortex, as compared to the medulla or renal papillae. The interstitial space is occupied by the fenestrated peritubular capillaries and a small number of fibroblast-like cells. Increase in thickness of interstitial space in pathological conditions is due to edema, proliferation of fibrous tissue, or infiltration of inflammatory cells (Guyton and Hall, 2006). 

The synovial proteome analysis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Arthritis Res. Ther. 6, R161-R168, 2004 Romeo, M.J., Espina, V., Lowenthal, M. et al., CSE proteome a protein repository for potential biomarker idenfi-cation. Expert. Rev. Proteomics 2, 57-70, 2005 Hueber, W., Kidd, B.A., Tomooka, B.H. et al.. Antigen microarray profiling of autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 2645-2655, 2005. 

A particular hepatotropicity causing severe herpes hepatitis is ascribed to herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). There have even been reports of a fulminant course with this virus infection. (18, 23, 35) HHV-8 causes Kaposi s sarcoma. The liver is the most common site, with dark reddish-violet tumour nodes. Histological analysis reveals endothelial cell proliferations and growths of spindle-shaped fibroblast-like cells. The bile ducts may be altered. Transaminase levels are elevated, and jaundice occurs. There may be a causal relationship between HHV-8 infection and multicentric Castlemans disease. The latter usually implies the presence of peliosis hepatis, perisi-nusoidal fibrosis and nodular regenerative hyperplasia. 

This is a Syrian hamster cell line derived from the kidneys of 1-day-old hamsters. The cells have a fibroblast-like morphology and are used for viral replication studies, including poliovirus, rabies (Pay et al, 1985), rubella, foot and mouth disease virus (Radlett et al, 1985), VSV, HSV, adenovirus (Ad) 25 and arbovirus. Successful cultivation at scales up to 80001 has been achieved with maximum cell density attained by minimum air sparging sufficient to satisfy the oxygen demand of the cells. 

Fibroblast-like Resembling or characteristic of, having the form or appearance of fibroblast cells. In order to define a cell as a fibroblast cell, it must possess characteristics typical of fibroblast cells. Often one can be certain of the histological... 

Histiotypic The in vitro resemblance, of cells in culture, to a tissue in form or function or both. For example, a suspension of fibroblast-like cells may secrete a glycosaminoglycan-collagen matrix and the result is a structure resembling fibrous connective tissue, which is, therefore, histiotypic. This term is not meant to be used along with the word culture . Thus, a tissue culture system demonstrating form and function typical of cells in vivo would be said to be histiotypic. 

The relationship between actin polymerization and cell motility was examined by Verschueren et al. (1995). Using a lymphoma-derived cell line, they showed that C2 toxin treatment greatly diminished pseu-dopodal protrusion as well as the ability to invade a monolayer of fibroblast-like cells. This is a predictable finding, and one that must be due at least in part to loss of actin filaments. 

A highly efficient (up to 2 %) and therefore very promising non-integrative technique to produce iPSCs is the use of synthetic mRNA and is called RNA-mediated directed differentiation of RNA-iPS (RiPS) cells [39], Since ssRNA activates antiviral defense responses, including interferon and NFicB-dependant pathways, this approach uses modified synthetic mRNA in combination with an interferon inhibitor. For cellular uptake a complex of RNA with cationic vehicle is generated that will be endocytosed by the cell. To successfully generate iPSCs from somatic cells, including fibroblast-like cells obtained from skin biopsies, Lin-28 was added to the OSKM... 

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