Culture selection

A key factor in obtaining binding support for aquaculture is development of a sound business plan. The plan needs to demonstrate that the prospective culturist has identified all costs associated with estabhshment of the faciUty and its day-to-day operation. One or more suitable sites should have been identified and the species to be cultured selected before the business plan is submitted. Cost estimates should be verifiable. Having actual bids for a specific task at a specific location eg, pond constmction, well drilling, building constmction, and vehicle costs helps strengthen the business plan. 

Humans in all the ancient cultures selected appropriate plants to produce the carbohydrates, fats or oils and proteins needed for their sustenance. Most of the chosen crops produced stmctures (e.g., seeds, tubers, etc.) that the plant had evolved for propagation... 

Adhesion of mononuclear cells from human bone marrow aspirates (BM-MNC) to tissue culture plastic and removal of nonadherent cells during the first days of culture selects for a population of proliferating spindle-shaped fibroblast-like non-... 

Friend, B. A., Fiedler, J. M. and Shahani, K. M. 1983. Influence of culture selection on the flavor, antimicrobial activity, /3-galactosidase and B-vitamins of yogurt. Milch-wissenschaft 38, 133-136. 

Figure 4-4, then, indicates that in developing a "normal" state of consciousness, a particular culture selects certain human potentials and structures them into a functioning system. This is the process of enculturation. it begins in infancy, possibly even before birth there has been speculation, for example, that the particular language sounds that penetrate the walls of the womb from outside before birth may begin shaping the potentials for sound production in the unborn baby. 

I do not believe that the conversion process is completely free to go wherever it will. By the time a person has reached adolescence (or later, if conversion takes place later), many human potentials he possessed at birth are, for lack of stimulation, simply no longer available. Of the latent potentials that still could be used, cultural selection and structuring have already made some more likely than others t o be utilized in a conversion. Thus even the rebels in a society are in many ways not free the direction that rebellion takes has already been strongly shaped by enculturation processes. 

In algae mass culture, selection of appropriate depth and cell density is of outmost importance for achieving high productivity. The results shown in Fig. 2 illustrate the effect of these factors on the biomass yield of Anabaena ATCC 33047. Increasing cell density over 2 mg (chi) l-1or depth over 10 cm resulted in decreased productivity. These negative effects might well be in both cases consequence of mutual shading of the cells. 

The original mold observed and preserved by Alexander Fleming was a strain of Penicillium notatum, a common laboratory contaminant. Later, cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum were found to be better producers of penicillin, and the present industrial strains have been derived from this species. The original strains produced the antibiotic only by surface fermentation methods and in very low yields. Improved media and productive strains under submerged aerobic fermentation conditions led to dramatic yield increases. Subsequent improvements, principally in culture selection and mutation, further improved yields, reaching 20-30 g/L. 

Figure 12. HG-2 glyphosate tolerant alfalfa derived from tissue culture selection. A. Abnormal multifoliate leaf structure. B. Abnormal flower morphology.

Cultural selection—Selection by humans of individual animals having some desirable, genetically based traits, leading to evolution at the population level. This selective breeding eventually results in the development of distinctive varieties of domesticated species of plants and animals. 

The cabbage occurs in a remarkably wide range of cultivated varieties. Each of these varieties represents culturally selected variants of the basic species, the cole-wort Brassica oleracea), originally native to Eurasia. Hybridization with some other species of Brassica was also likely important in the development of some of the domesticated varieties of the cabbage. 

Gullo, M. and Giudici, P. (2008). Acetic acid bacteria in traditional balsamic vinegar Phenotypic traits relevant for starter cultures selection. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 125, 46-53. 

McMillian MK, Mullis SB, Wu G-C, Hudson PM, Penny-packer KR, et al. 1994. Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase in olfactory bulb cultures Selective inhibition of depolarization-induced increase by endogenous opioids. Brain Res 658 105-111. 

The lactose broth fermentation tubes thus inoculated shall be incubated until gas formation is noted the incubation not to exceed 48 hours. The agar slants shall be incubated at 37° C. for 48 hours, when a microscopic examination shall be made of at least one culture, selecting one which corresponds to one of the lactose broth fermentation tubes which has shown gas-formation. 

Purified protein consisting of the antigenic target is inoculated in the mice which then develop an immune response. After animal sacrifice, splenic lymphocytes are isolated and co-incubated with immortalized human myeloma cells in vitro, The cells fuse resulting in hybridoma cells and form colonies in cell culture. Selection of the colonies is based on antibody specificity or desired immune effect,... 

These imidazolinone tolerance traits in different crops were developed by various methods. These methods included tissue culture selection (maize), pollen mutagenesis (maize), microspore selection (canola), seed mutagenesis (wheat and rice) and incorporation of resistance trait from a weedy relative (sunflower). Details of these methods have been previously reviewed [31, 32]. In all of these cases, the basis of tolerance is due to the presence of an altered form of AHAS that is resistant to inhibition by imidazolinones. The resistant enzyme is produced due to a single base pair change in the gene encoding the large subunit... 

Geertz, C. The Interpretation of Cultures Selected Essays. New York Basic Books. 1973. 

Villano and co-workers [36] presented the production and recovery of PHA using mixed microbial cnltnres (MMC). The process was carried out sequentially from lab-scale batch reactor, for culture selection, and then PHA accumulation reactor and extraction reactor. It is a continuous process and is at a high process rate for at least 4 months. In this study, IM NaOH and NaClO with 5% active liquid chlorine were investigated. It was found that digestion with... 

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