Plastic surface

For molded-plastic patls, vacuum coating techniques are increasingly replacing conventional coating methods, such as electroplating. For example, using vacuum coaling methods, automobile reflectors obtain a mirror-like surface, plastic articles in the furniture, decoration, clock and vratch as ell as electronics industry are metal-coated and optical effects are created on articles in the decoration industry. 

Surface Viscosity Molecular films on liquid surfaces may be either readily mobile or slow to flow under the action of a two-dimensional stress. Some surface films show surface plasticity and behave as solids until a critical stress is applied. These films exhibit surface viscosity. 

Melamine formaldehyde Hard surface Plastic dinnerware... 

Journal of Materials Science. Materials in Medicine 14, No.10, Oct.2003, p.905-12 BLOOD RESPONSE TO PLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE. DEPENDENCE OF FIBRINOGEN ADSORPTION ON PLASTICIZER SELECTION AND SURFACE PLASTICIZER LEVEL... 

Bastaninejad M, Ahmadi G. Modeling the effects of abrasive size distribution, adhesion, and surface plastic deformation on chemical-mechanical polishing. J Electrochem Soc 2005 152(9) G720-G730. 

Fig. 2a—c. Schematic drawing of several postulated microscopic steps in craze nucleation a Formation of a localized surface plastic zone and buildup of significant lateral stresses, b Nucleation of voids in the zone to relieve the triazial constraints, c Further deformation of polymer ligaments between voids and coalescence of individual voids to form a void network... 

The combination of the processes of the severe plastic deformation of the surface with their physical-chemical treatment can provide the unique opportunity of the controlled formation of nano-sized grain structure for the strength and corrosion stability increasing. By applying both surface plastic deformation and nitriding process simultaneously nanostructured material could be determined. This kind of surface treatment related to refinement of grain could be helpful for considerable modification of material service properties. 

Vibration also leads to friction, causing abrasion and possible text damage. Certain surfaces (plastic, enamels, etc.) or decorated/printed items must avoid contact with abrasive materials (wood, fibreboard, paper and board, etc.) and be overwrapped in a less damaging material, e.g. PE/PP film, bags or an air cap. 

Some agglomerates of different materials have been observed to fail because of internal flaws driven by a number of stresses (e.g., internal tensile stress cracks in the surface plastic flow at the surface between the agglomerate and platen and shear stress within the sphere). For brittle particle agglomerates with significant internal flaws, the tensile strength is small compared to the compressive and shear strength, and failure is likely initiated by the internal tensile stress. In any case, a careful microscopic examination of failed pieces can provide much information on the dominant failure mode (Bika et al., 2001). 

The plastics gave a poor quality composite deck boards, sharkskin inside the hollow profile, tear surface (plastic filled with rice hulls and minerals). 

Poly(methyl Poly(methyl Smooth surfaced plastics J. J. P. Staudinger U.S. Pat., 2,539,377 ... 

During the 1870 s, Carlo Marangoni, who was apparently aware of Carra-dori s work but not of Thompson s, formulated a rather complete theory of surface tension driven flow (M2, M3). He noted that flow could result from surface tension variations as they are caused by differences in temperature and superficial concentration, and that, conversely, variations in temperature and concentration could be induced by an imposed surface flow. Marangoni ascribed several new rheological properties to the surface (notably surface viscosity, surface elasticity, and even surface plasticity), while remarking that perhaps some of these properties could be associated only with surface contamination. Most present-day authors ascribe the first explanation of surface tension driven flow to Marangoni, and term such flow a Maragoni effect. ... 

With heavy loadings of acrylic consolidant, it might be possible to achieve gluing by the use of solvent only. The application of an appropriate solvent would soften the surface plastic, which would then function as an adhesive (similar to the way acrylic sheets are bonded with methyl ethyl ketone). 

Surfaces are also worn with time. An abrasive doctor blade ruins a drying cylinder surface. Corrosion deteriorates any surface. Plastic materials wear rather quickly, but can be easily replaced. A dropped screwdrivo can cause serious damage anywhere. With time the properties of surfaces just get progressively worse. 

Secondly, polymers are known to possess multilevel structures (molecular, topological, supermolecular, and floccular or block levels), the elements of which are interconnected [43, 44]. In addition, an external action on a polymer can induce the formation of new (secondary) structural elements — cracks, fractured surfaces, plastic flow regions, etc. These primary and secondary structural elements as well as the processes forming them are characterised by miscellaneous parameters therefore, only empirical correlations have been obtained, at best, between these parameters. If each of the above-mentioned elements (processes) is described by a standard parameter, for example, fractal dimension, one can derive analytical equations relating them to one another and containing no adjustable parameters. This is very significant for the computer synthesis of structure and for the prediction of properties and behaviour of polymeric materials during performance. Note that fractal analysis has been used successfully to describe the phenomena of rubber elasticity [16, 45, 46] and fluidity [25, 47-49]. 

D. A. Jones, The contribution of localized surface plasticity to the mechanism of environment-induced cracking, in R.P. Gangloff, M.B. Ives (Eds.), Environmental-Induced Cracking of Metals, NACE, Houston, TX, 1990, pp. 265-270. 

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