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Damaged DNA

Depletion of the Ozone Layer. As a constituent of the atmosphere, ozone forms a protective screen by absorbing radiation of wavelengths between 200 and 300 nm, which can damage DNA and be harmful to life. Consequently, a decrease in the stratospheric ozone concentration results in an increase in the uv radiation reaching the earth s surfaces, thus adversely affecting the climate as well as plant and animal life. Pot example, the incidence of skin cancer is related to the amount of exposure to uv radiation. [Pg.503]

The biological activity of calicheamicin 4 (simplified structure) is based on the ability to damage DNA. At the reaction site, initially the distance between the triple bonds is diminished by an addition reaction of a sulfur nucleophile to the enone carbon-carbon double bond, whereupon the Bergman cyclization takes place leading to the benzenoid diradical 5, which is capable of cleaving double-stranded DNA." ... [Pg.40]

In turn, an important factor that can damage DNA in nature or at performing molecular genetic studies, is ultraviolet (UV) radiation that is absorbed by this biopolymer at bandwidth maxmum 254 nm. This led to the formation of different DNA photodamages, with increasing of the dose of UV radiation progressed from pyrimidine dimers to single-and double-stranded breaks [Cariello et al., 1988 Lyamichev et al., 1990]. [Pg.196]

A variety of mechanisms employing different enzymes repair damaged DNA, as after exposure to chemical mutagens or ultraviolet radiation. [Pg.339]

The hydroxyl radical plays two essentially different roles (a) as a reactant mediating the transformations of xenobiotics and (b) as a toxicant that damages DNA. They are important in a number of environments (1) in aquatic systems under irradiation, (2) in the troposphere, which is discussed later, and (3) in biological systems in the context of superoxide dismutase and the role of iron. Hydroxyl radicals in aqueous media can be generated by several mechanisms ... [Pg.4]

Chemical Agents that Damage DNA and the Chemistry of DNA Degradation... [Pg.334]

Many compounds that damage DNA via radical intermediates have been identified. Some of the agents, such as bleomycin and the enediynes, damage DNA primarily through abstraction of hydrogen atoms. ° In these cases, chemical reactions are directed to certain positions on the DNA backbone by noncovalent binding that places the reactive intermediates in close proximity to particular deoxyribose sugar residues. Similar to the reactions of HO described above, small radicals, such as... [Pg.362]

Electron donation to nucleobases is a fundamental process exploited by nature to achieve the efficient repair of UV induced lesions in DNA [27, 28]. Nature developed to this end two enzymes, CPD photolyases and (6-4) photolyases, which both inject electrons into the UV damaged DNA bases [29, 30]. Both enzymes are, in many species, including plants, essential for the repair of the UV-light induced DNA lesions depicted in Scheme 1 [31]. [Pg.199]

Folkmann, J.K. et al. (2009) Oxidatively damaged DNA in rats exposed by oral gavage to C-60 fullerenes and single-walled carbon nanotubes. Environmental Health Perspectives, 117 (5), 703-708. [Pg.215]

A lysogenic culture can be treated so that most or all of the cells produce virus and lyse. Such treatment, called induction, usually involves the use of agents such as ultraviolet radiation, nitrogen mustards, or X rays, known to damage DNA and activate the SOS system. However, not all prophages are inducible in some temperate viruses, prophage expression occurs only by natural events. [Pg.148]

DNA polymerase I is a nonessential enzyme, since viable E. coli mutants lack it (pol A). This conclusion is complicated, however, since the enzyme catalyzes three separate chemical reactions. It polymerizes deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, and it has two exonucleolytic activities, a 3 to 5 activity and a 5 to 3 activity. The pol A - mutants lack only the polymerization activity. Other mutants lacking both the polymerase and the 5 to 3 exonuclease activity are lethal. Thus the exonuclease function is the more important one. This fits with the role of this enzyme in removing damaged DNA segments (DNA repair) and in removing covalently attached RNA from DNA chains. We will later see that small RNAs serve as primers of DNA synthesis. [Pg.225]


See other pages where Damaged DNA is mentioned: [Pg.473]    [Pg.166]    [Pg.431]    [Pg.151]    [Pg.343]    [Pg.859]    [Pg.358]    [Pg.202]    [Pg.290]    [Pg.334]    [Pg.334]    [Pg.335]    [Pg.337]    [Pg.337]    [Pg.337]    [Pg.338]    [Pg.339]    [Pg.485]    [Pg.320]    [Pg.33]    [Pg.4]    [Pg.201]    [Pg.203]    [Pg.205]    [Pg.206]    [Pg.333]    [Pg.334]    [Pg.354]    [Pg.362]    [Pg.367]    [Pg.298]    [Pg.1325]    [Pg.96]    [Pg.108]    [Pg.110]    [Pg.222]    [Pg.231]    [Pg.471]    [Pg.152]    [Pg.224]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.139 ]




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A Multi-component model for DNA radiation damage

Apoptosis DNA damage

Apoptotic Effectors in DNA Damage Response

Assessment of DNA Damage

Bacterial DNA damage or repair tests

Chromium DNA damage mechanisms

Clustered DNA damage

Combination therapy with DNA-damaging agents

Comet assay, for DNA damage

DNA Damage Recognition

DNA Damage Tolerance

DNA Damage and Disease

DNA Damage and Repair Assays

DNA Damage by Chemicals

DNA Damage by UV

DNA base damage

DNA damage

DNA damage agents

DNA damage and apoptosis

DNA damage and repair

DNA damage cancer

DNA damage carcinogenesis

DNA damage carcinogens

DNA damage checkpoint

DNA damage detection and repair

DNA damage effect

DNA damage in Xenopus

DNA damage induced by ionising radiation

DNA damage inducible

DNA damage induction

DNA damage mechanism

DNA damage radiation

DNA damage repair

DNA damage repairing

DNA damage response system

DNA damage signaling

DNA damage table)

DNA damage, oxidative

DNA damage, prevention

DNA damaging activity

DNA damaging chemotherapy

DNA damaging properties

DNA damaging reactions

DNA, damage detection

DNA-damaging agents

DNA-damaging antitumor

DNA-damaging carcinogens

DNA-damaging natural product

Damage of DNA by ultraviolet radiation

Damage to DNA Bases

Damage to cellular DNA

Damaged DNA-binding protein

Detection of DNA Damage

Detection of DNA Damage and Degenerating Cells

Direct Damage to DNA

ESR Studies of Radiation Damage to DNA and Related Biomolecules

Effects of Brussels Sprouts on Oxidative DNA Damage

Environmental DNA Damage

Free radicals damage to DNA

G2 DNA damage checkpoint

Growth arrest and DNA damage

Histone H2AX phosphorylation and DNA damage

Induced DNA damage

Interactions with the DNA Damage Response System

Lesions Generated by Oxidative Damage to DNA

Lethal DNA damage

Markers of DNA Oxidative Damage

Mechanisms of DNA Damage-Induced Mutagenesis

Overview of Biological Responses to DNA Damage

Overview of Oxidatively Generated DNA Damage

Oxidative DNA damage by manganese complexes

Oxidative DNA damage in human

Oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes

Oxidative damage in DNA

Oxidatively Generated Damage to Isolated and Cellular DNA

PARP-2, a Novel DNA-Damage Dependent Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase

Photo-Induced DNA-Damage and Its Repair

Polymerases for Replicating Damaged DNA

Possible Mechanisms of DNA Damage Induced by Oxidative Stress

Post-DNA Damage Mechanisms

Protection against DNA Damage

Protection from Cellular Effects of DNA Damage

Radiation Damage in DNA

Radiation damage to DNA

Radiation-induced damage in DNA

Repair of Chemical Damage to Human DNA

Repair of DNA Damage

Repair of DNA damage caused

Sensors for DNA Damage

Solution Properties of Metallobleomycins Related to the DNA Damage Reaction

Sperm, DNA damage

The Chemical Biology of DNA Damage. Edited by Nicholas E. Geacintov and Suse Broyde

The Chemical Biology of DNA Damage. Edited by Nicholas E. Geacintov and Suse Broyde 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim

The Chemical Reactions of DNA Damage and Degradation

The DNA Damage Checkpoint

Types and consequences of DNA damage

UV-damaged DNA

Vitamin DNA damage

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