Protection against DNA Damage

Estrogen Receptor as a Trojan Horse (Combined Hormonal/Chemical Mechanism) 

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Bonnesen C, Eggleston I M and Hayes J D (2001), Dietary indoles and isothiocyanates that are generated from cruciferous vegetables can both stimulate apoptosis and confer protection against DNA damage in human colon cell lines , Cancer Rese, 61, 6120-6130. 

Tsai LH, Haggarty SJ, Kim D (2010) Activation of histone deaetylases 1 (hdacl) protects against dna damage and increases neuronal survival. Wolf Greenfield Sacks PC, Boston MA, US Applicaton 2010(X)75926, USPTO Class 514 82. 

Lazze, M.C. et al., Anthocyanins protect against DNA damage induced by rert-butyl-hydroper-oxide in rat smooth muscle and hepatoma cells, Mutat. Res., 535, 103, 2003. 

The antioxidant properties of tocopherols (such as those found in corn oil) have been suggested to be involved in treating atherosclerosis by preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (57). Another smdy indicated that the particular ratio of tocopherols in corn oil (a high ratio of y-tocopherol/ot-tocopherol) may achieve better protection against DNA damage than a-tocopherol alone (82). The beneficial effects of corn oil on blood pressure, platelet aggregation, and diabetes have been reported by others (22). 

Biomarkers of risk, such as DNA adducts, are required that can measure the effects of exposure to a potential carcinogen and the modulating effects of protective factors such as dietary nutrients and phytochemicals. Biomarkers can thus be used to establish the role of phytochemicals in protecting against DNA damage and determine the optimal intake of certain phytochemicals. Application of knowledge of the risk factors involved in cancer formation and also of the role of factors that can protect against cancer in the diet and environment is likely to be instrumental in chemoprevention. 

Data firom an in vivo study also suggest that quercetin or its metabolites may protect against DNA damage. Freshly collected lymphocytes from diabetic patients treated for 2 weeks on a high flavonol diet (mostly quercetin) were more resistant to hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage than those from patients on the unsupplemented diet [230]. Another in vivo investigation examined the... 

Walker, L.J., Craig, R.B., Harris, A.L., and Hickson, I.D. (1994). A role for the human DNA repair enzyme HAPl in cellular protection against DNA damaging agents and hypoxic stress. Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 4884 889. 

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