Deoxyribose sugar

General Considerations Regarding Hydrogen Atom Abstraction from the 2 -Deoxyribose Sugar... 

Many compounds that damage DNA via radical intermediates have been identified. Some of the agents, such as bleomycin and the enediynes, damage DNA primarily through abstraction of hydrogen atoms. ° In these cases, chemical reactions are directed to certain positions on the DNA backbone by noncovalent binding that places the reactive intermediates in close proximity to particular deoxyribose sugar residues. Similar to the reactions of HO described above, small radicals, such as... 

DNA and RNA are formed of nucleotides. Each nucleotide or nucleoside is composed of a purine or pyrimidine base linked to the 1-position of a ribose sugar in the case of RNA and a 2 -deoxyribose sugar in the case of DNA.155 The 5 position is phosphorylated in the case of a nucleotide, while the nucleoside is not phosphorylated therefore, nucleotides are nucleoside phosphates. Phosphorylation can include one, two, or three phosphate groups. The most familiar example of a phosphorylated nucleotide is phosphorylated adenosine, which occurs as the mono-, di-, and triphosphate (AMP, ADP, and ATP, respectively) and is a principal means of energy storage in biological systems. 

Figure A2.4 Nucleoside and nucleotide. Circled areas show the presence and absence of oxygen atom in the ribose and deoxyribose sugars.

The deoxyribonucleotides in the DNA polymer are connected by phosphodi-ester bonds between the 5 -phosphate group attached to one deoxyribose sugar and the 3 -hydroxyl group of the next sugar. 

Tetrahydrofuran is by far the most important of the reduced furans. The compound itself is a major solvent, whilst the nucleus occurs in the ribose and deoxyribose sugar units (as well as in sucrose) and is therefore an integral part of the nucleic acids, RNA and DNA. 

All nucleic acids consist of covalently linked nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three characteristic components (1) a purine or pyrimidine base (2) a pentose and (3) a phosphate group. The purine or pyrimidine bases are linked to the C-T carbon of a deoxyribose sugar in DNA or a ribose sugar in RNA. The phosphate groups are linked to the sugar at the C-5 and C-3 positions. The purine bases in both DNA and RNA are always adenine (A) and guanine (G). The pyrimidine bases in DNA are thymine (T) and cyto-... 

It is interesting to note that in this case no significant differences are observed for ribose and deoxyribose sugars. Also the differences between cisplatin and the more reactive hydrolysed product (see Fig. 6) are small. The effect of a 5 -phosphate group (i.e. the difference between CG and pCG) on the reactivity appears to be negligible. However, for the effect of an extra 5 -phosphate group next to a guanosine, see below. 

Nucleotide The basic building block of a nucleic acid. It consists of any one of four specific purine or pyrimidine bases attached to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group. 

NUCLEOTIDE The monomeric unit of polynucleotide polymers known as nucleic acids consists of three components—a ribose or a 2-deoxyribose sugar, a pyrimidine or purine... 

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