Apoptosis and DNA damage

Note THF = tetrahydrofuran BHT = butylated hydroxytoluene, an antioxidant Camptothecin (CM) = causes inhibition of the DNA enzyme topoisomerase (Top 1) which induces DNA damage and apoptosis DHT = dihydrotestosterone PrEC = normal prostate stromal cells LNCaP, PC-3, DU-145 = neoplastic prostate epithelial cells (See Table 21.1). 

Mechanisms involved in UV-B-induced immune tolerance are multiple. UV-B irradiation strongly affects the viability and function of skin DCs [6]. UV-B irradiation causes DNA damage and apoptosis in LCs, while promoting their migration to regional lymph nodes [7]. This effect is paralleled by the reduced expression of MHC and costimulatory molecules, which results in an impaired antigen presenting capability. The release of IL-10 by resident skin cells, ker-atinocytes and mast cells, also contributes to dampen DC function [8, 9]. Thus, upon UV-B irradiation, immature or partially mature DCs,... 

A. Powolny, J. Xu and G. Loo, Deoxycholate induces DNA damage and apoptosis in human colon epithelial cells expressing either mutant or wild-type p53, Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol, 2001, 33(2), 193. 

Hiraku, Y. Kawanishi, S. (1996) Oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis induced by benzene... 

Revel A, Raanani H, Younglai E, Xu J, Rogers I, Han R, Savouret JF, Casper RF. 2003. Resveratrol, a natural aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist, protects lung from DNA damage and apoptosis caused by benzo[a]pyrene. J Appl Toxicol 23 255-261. 

R.B., Elguindi, E.C., Blond, S.Y., Zhang, F., and Bolton, ).L. (2000) A metabolite of equine estrogens, 4-hydroxyequilenin, induces DNA damage and apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 13, 342-350. 

Huang H, Shu SC, Shih JH, Kuo CJ and Chiu ID (1998) Antimony trichloride Induces DNA damage and apoptosis in mammalian cells. Toxicology 129 113-123. 

Upadhyay, D., and D. W. Kamp. 2003. Asbestos-induced pulmonary toxicity role of DNA damage and apoptosis. Exp. Biol. Med. 228(6) 650-59. 

Li Shen, C., W. Song, and B. C. Pence. 2001. Interactions of Selenium compounds with other antioxidants in DNA damage and apoptosis in human normal Keratinocytes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 10 385-90. 

The existence of Poly-ADP-ribose (10.94) has been confirmed [63]. It has a highly branched structure. Moreover is believed to have important bio functions and may be linked to DNA damage and apoptosis [64]. The highly branched structure is subject to cleavage at different points depending upon which enzymes are present. 

Cenotoxicity DNA damage, and apoptosis mutagenicity, clastogenicity, epigenetic effects... 

Watjen, W, Michels, G., Steffan, B. et al. (2005). Low concentrations of flavonoids are protective in rat H4IIE cells whereas high concentrations cause DNA damage and apoptosis. Journal of Nutrition, 135, 525-531. 

Antonini JM, Leonard SS, Roberts JR, Solano-Lopez C, Young S-H, Shi X, Taylor MD. 2005. Effect of stainless steel manual metal arc welding fume on free radical production, DNA damage, and apoptosis induction. Mol Cell Biochem 279(1-2) 17-23. 

Jeong, J. B. Seo, E. W Jeong, H. J. Effect of extracts from pine needle against oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis induced by hydroxyl radical via antioxidant activity. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2009, 47,2135-2141. 

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