DNA damage induction

Liviac D, Creus A, Marcos R (2010) DNA damage induction by two halogenated acetaldehydes, byproducts of water disinfection. Water Res 44 2638-2646... 

Figure 19.5 Visualization of DNA damage induction in cultured human keratinocytes by photo-activated lomefloxacin using the comet assay. The presence of DNA breaks (induced either by ROS or by excision of DNA lesions) leads to fragmentation and electrophoretic migration to produce the comet tails, whereas bulky genomic DNA remains in the comets heads.

Vascular Tone Immune Surveillance Cellular Adhesion Vascular Permeability Neurotransm ission Bronchodilation Platelet Adhesion Inhibition Renal Function Antioxidant Leukocyte Adhesion Inhibition Protection Against TNF Toxicity Enzyme Function Inhibition DNA Damage Induction Lipid Peroxidation Induction Increased Susceptibility to Radiation Alkylating Agents Toxic Metals Antioxidant Stores Depletion... 

Much information on DNA damage induction in aquatic organisms is based on incubation experiments under artificial UVR. Unfortunately, the ecological... 

In summary, all the published diel cycles for DNA damage induction in marine bacterio- and phytoplankton indicate that, even when photorepair occurs, it will play a rather limited role. Photorepair does not hinder rapid build up of damage during the day. As a result, damage accumulation patterns are often found to roughly follow the DNA effective UV-B dose, especially after noon. 

Large differences in vulnerability for DNA damage induction have been reported for aquatic organisms. Joux et al. [68] showed a high variability in UV-B responses in marine bacterial isolates as determined by survival. In contrast, CPD accumulation in the absence of repair was similar for four of five of the isolates tested. Photoreactivation kinetics were shown to be more likely candidates determining UV vulnerability. All species exhibited photoreactivation, especially under UV-A. It was concluded that UV-B may affect the microbial community structure in marine surface waters. This was supported recently in microcosm experiments carried out the Gulf of Mexico and the Southern Ocean [109]. 

Fig. 10.7. Mechanisms of chemoradiation on a molecular level. The most prominent points of interaction of radiation with chemotherapy being of importance for the efficacy of a combined modality treatment are found on the level of DNA damage induction and repair, cell death induction, and cell cycle control...

Escherichia coli K12 TGI strain was used as a recipient for transformation. At studying of SOS-system activity the recombinant bioluminescent strain of Escherichia coli recA lux containing plasmid-borne fusions of the recA promoter-operator region to the Photorhabdus luminescens ZM 1 lux genes (GosNlIgenetika, Russia) was used. Increase of their luminescence in the presence of DNA damage factors [Rosen et al., 2000], were shown previously. Investigation of the luminescent response of this strain to UV radiation allows quantitatively estimate in a real time a SOS-system induction. 

Kandell, R.L. and Bernstein, C. (1991). Bile salt/acid induction of DNA damage in bacterial and mammalian cells, implications for colon cancer. Nutr. Cancer 16, 227-238. 

Ponomaryov T, Peled A, Petit I, et al. Induction of the chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 following DNA damage improves human stem cell function. J Clin Invest 2000 106(11) 1331—1339. 

Induction of DNA damage to the cleavingXenopus eggdoes not block cytokinesis... 

Yeh, SL and ML Hu. 2001. Induction of oxidative DNA damage in human foreskin fibroblast HS68 cells by oxidized beta-carotene and lycopene. Free Radic Res 35(2) 203-213. 

Nestmann ER, Douglas GR, Matula TI, Grant CE, Kowbel DJ (1979) Mutagenic activity of rhodamine dyes and their impurities as detected by mutation induction in Salmonella and DNA damage in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cancer Res 39 4412-4417... 

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