Corrugations

Another type of gravity separator used for small amounts of oily water, the oil interceptor, is widely used both offshore and onshore. These devices work by encouraging oil particles to coalesce on the surface of plates. Once bigger oil droplets are formed they tend to float to the surface of the water faster and can be skimmed off. A corrugated plate interceptor (CPI) is shown below and demonstrates the principle involved. However there are many varieties available. Plate interceptors can typically reduce oil content to 50-150 ppm. 

Surface conduefivify of eeramics ean be low, and corrugated or fluted surfaces allow for short distances to insulate high voltages. 

The van der Waals attraction arises from tlie interaction between instantaneous charge fluctuations m the molecule and surface. The molecule interacts with the surface as a whole. In contrast the repulsive forces are more short-range, localized to just a few surface atoms. The repulsion is, therefore, not homogeneous but depends on the point of impact in the surface plane, that is, the surface is corrugated. 

A very extreme version of surface corrugation has been found in the nonactivated dissociation reactions of Fl2 on W [, ], Pd and Rli systems. In these cases, the very strong chemisorption bond of the FI atoms gives rise to a very large energy release when the molecule dissociates. In consequence, at certain sites on the surface, the molecule accelerates rapidly downliill into the dissociation state. At the unfavourable sites, there... 

Darling G R and Holloway S 1994 The role of parallel momentum in the dissociative adsorption of H2 at highly corrugated surfaces Surf. Sc/. 304 L461... 

Pethica J B 1986 Comment on interatomic forces in scanning tunnelling microscopy giant corrugations of the graphite surface Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 3235... 

Black phosphorus is formed when white phosphorus is heated under very high pressure (12 000 atmospheres). Black phosphorus has a well-established corrugated sheet structure with each phos phorus atom bonded to three neighbours. The bonding lorces between layers are weak and give rise to flaky crystals which conduct electricity, properties similar to those ol graphite, it is less reactive than either white or red phosphorus. 

Both hollow pyramids and corrugated pyramids are thoroughly documented and fairly well understood. Such structures are consistent with the notion that successive layers of folded chains do not fold at the same place, but offset this fold stepwise to generate the pyramid face. The polymer chains are perpendicular to the planar faces of the pyramid and are therefore tilted at an angle relative to the base of the pyramid. 

G. G. Maltenfort, Corrugated Shipping Containers HnEngineeringNpproach,] xn.2LTPuh]ishm.g Co., Inc., Plainview, N.J., 1990. 

G. J. Daly, The Corrugated Container Industry, Harry J. Bettendorf, Oak Park, lU., 1971. 

J. J. Batelka, Corrugating Medium—Its Influence on Box Plant Operations and Combined Board Properties and Package Performance, Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Adanta, Ga., 1993. 

Starch Based Corrugating Adhesives and their Application, Harpei/Love Adhesives Corp., Chadotte, N.C., 1980. 

W. O. Kroeschell, ed.. Preparation of Corrugating Adhesives, TAPPI Press, Adanta, Ga., 1977. 

Corrugated and Solid Fiber Boxes. Cormgated and soHd fiber boxes are used primarily as shipping containers. Both types of containers are made from several layers of paperboard, normally referred to as combined board. Container board is the material from which the combined board is fabricated. Although both types of boxes serve the same general purpose, eg, in the handling, storage, and transportation of commodities, they differ markedly in thein manufacture, stmcture, and performance. 

Newsprint wash deinking mili Office paper deinking mili Newsprint/magazine deinking mill Tissue mill Old corrugated container mill... 

Horizontal corrugated asbestos-cement board endwall casing... 

From Moody, Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., 66, 671-684 (1944) Mech. Eng., 69, 1005-1006 (1947). Additional values of e for various types or conditions of concrete wrought-iron, welded steel, riveted steel, and corrugated-metal pipes are given in Brater and King, Handbook of Hydraulics, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1976, pp. 6-12-6-13. To convert millimeters to feet, multiply hy 3.281 X l0- ... 

Flexible Metal Hose Deeply corrugated thin brass, bronze, Monel, aluminum, and steel tubes are covered with flexible braided-wire jackets to form flexible metal hose. Both tube and braid are brazed or welded to pipe-thread, union, or flanged ends. Failures are often the result of corrosion of the braided-wire jacket or of a poor... 

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