Corrugated front

Figure 6-12. Model for Ihe Calculation of the van der Waals potential experienced by a single T6 molecule on a Tfi ordered surface. Each molecule is modeled as a chain of 6 polarizable spherical units, and the surface as 8-laycr slab, each layer containing 266 molecules (only pan of the cluster is shown). Tire model is based on X-ray diffraction and dielectric constant experimental data. The two configurations used for evaluating the corrugation of the surface potential are shown. Adapted with permission front Ref. [48].

These nitridation reactions are also characterized by very high values of activation energy. As a result, the nitridation front represents a strongly nonlinear combustion wave which may be extremely thin and corrugated. 

Fig. 4.6. Incident light is deflected in a corrugated thin film solar cell, leading to total internal reflection at the interface with the substrate and at the front surface...

Farleigh Down Sidings, with the aerial ropeway in operation during the summer of 1941. The pit in the foreground is the unfinished motor-room for the tunnel tram-creeper. After completion of the tunnel, the handrails were replaced by an open-fronted corrugated iron shed. 

Fig. 7.2 The corrugation of the hexagonal boron nitride layer in the h-BN/Rh(lll) nanomesh showing a 2 X 2 supercell. The low region (close to Rh) appears in blue but the high region (further away from the Rh sublayer) are in yellow. The B atoms (visible in ths front) are shown with small but the N with large spheres (see also Figs. 4 and 5 in [1])...

Fig. 8.26. Argon s model of lateral craze growth based on the phenomenon known as meniscus instability . Side view on the corrugated polymer-air interface (left). Advances of the craze front by a repeated break-up of the interface (view in fibril direction, right) [95]...

These predictions are in good agreements with the recent experiments of Quinard al (1983). Furthermore the induced velocity field has been recently recorded in the unburnt mixture by Searby al (1983) in the case of stable fronts stabilized in weakly turbulent flows. As predicted by the theory for planar stable flames, the induced velocity field is found to be out of phase with the front corrugations leading to a blocking of the... 

The analysis of Clavin 6e Williams (1982) concerning the flame structure of wrinkled fronts in a non homogeneous flows has been extended independently by Matalon Matkowsky (1982) and by Clavin 6e Joulin (1983) to the nonlinear case of finite amplitudes of the front corrugations. As anticipated by the early phenomenological analysis of Karlowitz 6e al (1953), the modification to the normal burning velocity Uj produced by the front curvature and by the flow inhomogeneities can be expressed in terms of only one geometrical scalar i.e. the total flame stretch experienced by the front. 

Harmonic corrugation of planar combustion front in stability analysis... 

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