Corrugated layer

In the black, lustrous Pd2Sel3, four quadratic PdSei Isa entities are connected by a common Se to a Pd4Se2l4l4/2 group (see Fig. 27). These groups combine via common iodines to form corrugated layers. The formal oxidation state of Pd is 2-1-. 

Corrugated materials involving several plies of paper consist of facings and steamed and formed layer(s) of corrugated paper. They may exist as single-faced or double-faced (a, b, c, e flute types) double-wall or triple-wall materials. The latter contain two and three corrugated layers. 

Spontaneous deprotonation of 1,2,4-lH-triazole in the presence of zinc chloride gives a solid state structure where each zinc has tetrahedral coordination with N3C1 donors. The compound ZnLCl has 1,2,4-triazolato units each bridging three zinc atoms through the three nitrogen donors to form a corrugated layer structure. The shortest interlayer Zn... Zn separation is 5.701 A.152... 

Figure 5 Structure of Te2S07 = Te203(S04). The oxide ions connect the Te4+ ions to corrugated layers.

Fig. 19 Perspective view of three alternate 2D Fe[Ag(CN)2]2 n corrugated layers connected by rods, which represent the organic ligand (4,4 -bipy and bpe). The void space in between these layers is occupied by an identical 3D network... 

Crystalline black phosphorus has a corrugated layer structure. - ... 

The molecular geometry of phospholipid membranes is thus structurally analogous to inorganic phosphate minerals in that corrugated layers of metal ion-phosphate coordination complexes exist in membranes and minerals. In Fig. 5, the structure of a typical phosphate mineral is shown to reveal the type of molecular pattern that is exposed at the ionic surface of phospholipid membranes64,6S. For a recent review on membrane structure see66. ... 

It has been reported that a 1 1 nicotinamide and ethyl paraben (ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate) cocrystal can be crystallized from ethanol, with the crystal structure being used to demonstrate that both reactant molecules form corrugated layers within the cocrystal that are linked by extensive hydrogen bonding [55]. While excess amounts of nicotinamide serve to enhance the solubility of ethyl paraben somewhat, the cocrystal exhibits lower solubility in water with respect to the reactant species, and will precipitate from aqueous solutions at ambient temperature. 

Si layers Polymeric unit [Si ] in CaSi2 consists of corrugated layers of six-membered rings, as shown in Fig. 14.4.3(e). In /3-ThSii, the [Si ] units form planar hexagonal nets, which are similar to the B layers in A1B2 [Fig. 13.3.1(f)],... 

Figure 5 Structural features of some metal monoliths designed to enhance turbulence. A Transversal structure (TS) in which corrugated layers have microcomigations at 90 to the direction of flow. B. In the SM structure, flow in channels is split into multiple flow paths. C In the LS structure, interconnecting flow paths are achieved by means of partial countercorrugation of the corrugated layer. Drawings courtesy of Emitcc.

A certain number of corrugated layers (sandwiches) is required in the plane perpendicular to the flow axis in order to achieve the mixing effect described in section I.B, which places an upper limit on the thickness of the individual sandwiches and hence on the particle size, particularly for vessels of small cross section. It will then be appreciated that the choice of particle size is, for small vessels, partly dependent on the cross-sectional dimensions of the reactor. The lower limit on particle size is given by the necessity to ensure satisfactory convection of reactants and products within the sandwich itself. As a guideline, the particle size is generally in the range 0.5-2.5 mm. 

The structure of lepidocrocite, 7-FeO. OH, is shown as a perspective drawing in Fig. 14.12(b). In the elevation of this structure (Fig. 14.13(b)) the broken circles indicate atoms c/2 (L53 A) above and below the plane of the full circles, which themselves repeat at c (3-06 A) above and below their own plane. Each Fe atom is therefore surrounded by a distorted octahedral group of 0 atoms, and these groups are linked together to form corrugated layers. The H atoms have not been located in this structure, but from the environments of the 0 atoms it is possible to distinguish between 0 and OH. The oxygen atoms within the layers are nearly equidistant from 4 Fe atoms (2 Fe at 1-93 A and 2 Fe at 2-13 A), whereas the... 

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