Starch bases

Starch Based Corrugating Adhesives and their Application, Harpei/Love Adhesives Corp., Chadotte, N.C., 1980. 

In the low temperature process, the slurry is heated to 105—108°C and held at temperature for 5—10 minutes. The resulting 1—2 DE hydrolyzate is flashed to atmospheric pressure and held at 95—100°C for one to two hours in a batch or continuous reactor. Because the enzyme is not significantly deactivated at the first-stage temperature, a second enzyme addition is not needed. This process is used woddwide throughout the starch-based sweetener industry and has been judged the most efficient process for dextrose production. 

Among the chemical methods proposed for the objective measurement of maturity may be listed total solids, alcohol-insoluble solids, and starch, based upon the fact that these constituents increase in concentration with maturity. Each has its limitations and advantages, and all are equally applicable as long as the limitations are taken into account. These methods as they apply to frozen peas have been discussed by Nielsen and co-workers (31) and by Lee (22). 

Physical properties and loading capacity of starch-based microparticles crosslinked with trisodium trimetaphosphate. Journal of Food Engineering, Vol. 92, 3, 0une 2009), pp. (255-260), ISSN 0260-8774... 

Marques, A. P. C., H. R. Coutinho, O. P. Reis, R. L. (2005). Effect of starch-based biomaterials on the in vitro proliferation and viability of osteoblast-like cells. Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine, Vol. 16,1, (September 2005), pp. (833-842 ISSN 0957-4530... 

Desizing by chemical decomposition is applicable to starch-based sizes. Since starch and its hydrophilic derivatives are soluble in water, it might be assumed that a simple alkaline rinse with surfactant would be sufficient to effect removal from the fibre. As is also the case with some other size polymers, however, once the starch solution has dried to a film on the fibre surface it is much more difficult to effect rehydration and dissolution. Thus controlled chemical degradation is required to disintegrate and solubilise the size film without damaging the cellulosic fibre. Enzymatic, oxidative and hydrolytic degradation methods can be used. 

Many starches and modified starches are easily biodegradable, although some are less so. In an evaluation of the biodegradability of ten starch-based sizes over seven days [218], four... 

The non-break down of physically inaccessible starch explains why wheat is ground into flour in the first place. This may also explain the claims that modern flour with its very small particle size is less healthy than the sort of flour produced by ancient wind and water mills. The resistant nature of ungelatinised starch also explains why starch-based foods were baked in the first place. 

Especially in the US and European markets, amylases have been added to detergents along with proteases since 1973 to capitalize on the activity of the amylases toward starch-containing soils. From different amylases available, only a-amylases are used for detergents. They are able to catalyze the hydrolysis of the amylose and amylopectin fractions of starch, i.e., cleavage of the a-l,4-glycosidic bonds of the starch chain [15]. This facilitates the removal of starch-based stains by the detergent. 

Castronuovo D, Candido V, Margiotta S, Manera C, Miccolis V, Basile M, D Addabbo T (2005) Potential of a corn starch-based biodegradable plastic film for soil solarization. Acta Hort (ISHS) 698 201-206... 

One of the most-commercialized routes is the addition of starch-based materials but other biodegradable additives are used. Marketed solutions are numerous, for example, without claiming to be exhaustive. 

Starch-based polyester copolymer (Mater-Bi) is marketed of the order of 1.25- 4/kg. 

Starch-based products with a physical effect... 

What to do Remove overwintering brassica plants as soon as they have finished cropping. This should be done by mid-spring. Bury plant debris deep in a compost pile, or in a compost trench. Examine young plants regularly from early summer to fall and squash any colonies of eggs or young. Pesticides Insecticidal soap pyrethrum plant oils and starch-based sprays. 

Guraya, H.S. and Toledo, R.T., Volume expansion during hot air puffing of a fat-free starch-based snack, ]. Food Sci., 59 (1994) 641-643. 

Bastioli C (1998) Properties and applications of Mater-Bi starch-based materials. Polym Degrad Stab 59 263-272... 

In the manufacture of paper, starch-based adhesives are used either to strengthen the paper base or for coating the surface of the paper. Raw starch is unsuitable for either purpose. To achieve sufficient adhesive power with raw starch would require the application of a solution that was far too thick for practical use. Instead, chemically modified starch, with a much lower viscosity in solution, is used. As an economical alternative to modifying the starch with aggressive oxidizing agents, the starch can be treated with enzymes ( df-amylases) to obtain the same thinning effect... 

Whey-based products are in competition with starch-based sweeteners. 

---