Corrugation, separators

HEPA filters consist of a filter pack sealed into a case. The filter pack or core is made by pleating a continuous web of fiberglass paper back and forth over corrugated separators. The filter pack is sealed into a full-depth wood or steel casing using a elastomeric sealant. Gasketing is a critical item to ensure that the filter passes the air leakage tests. 

Figure 26.4 shows a partial cut-away view of a fiber nickel-cadmium (FNC) cell. The case and cover are polypropylene and are welded together. The electrode assembly shows a negative electrode, a corrugated separator and a positive electrode. O-ring seals are employed in the bushings for the terminals to ensure gas retention and a vent valve is seen in the case cover between the terminals. A catalytic gas recombination plug in the vent valve is employed for some applications. The terminals are nickel-plated copper, and a 1.19 kg/L KOH electrolyte is typic ly employed. 

Positive and negative plate sets are assembled to form the plate group of one cell. Separators form the intermediate layer. The cells for normal discharge purposes have perforated corrugated separators. 

Another type of gravity separator used for small amounts of oily water, the oil interceptor, is widely used both offshore and onshore. These devices work by encouraging oil particles to coalesce on the surface of plates. Once bigger oil droplets are formed they tend to float to the surface of the water faster and can be skimmed off. A corrugated plate interceptor (CPI) is shown below and demonstrates the principle involved. However there are many varieties available. Plate interceptors can typically reduce oil content to 50-150 ppm. 

In this diagram the key features are A - Diffusion baffle this serves four roles. First to dissipate the velocity head, thereby improving the overall hydraulic characteristics of the separator. Next, to direct incoming flow downward and outward maximizing the use of the separator volume. Third, to reduce flow turbulence and to distribute the flow evenly over the separator s cross-sectional area. Finally, to isolate inlet turbulence from the rest of the separator. B- Internal chambers In the sediment chamber, heavy solids settle out, and concentrated slugs of oil rise to the surface. As the oily water passes through the parallel corrugated... 

Spontaneous deprotonation of 1,2,4-lH-triazole in the presence of zinc chloride gives a solid state structure where each zinc has tetrahedral coordination with N3C1 donors. The compound ZnLCl has 1,2,4-triazolato units each bridging three zinc atoms through the three nitrogen donors to form a corrugated layer structure. The shortest interlayer Zn... Zn separation is 5.701 A.152... 

The morphological stability of initially smooth electrodeposits has been analyzed by several authors [48-56]. In a linear stability analysis, the current distribution on a low-amplitude sinusoidal surface is found as an expansion around the distribution on the flat surface. The first order current distribution is used to calculate the rate of amplification of the surface corrugation. A plot of amplification rate versus mode number or wavelength separates the regimes of stable and unstable fluctuation and... 

Hall et alP discuss the use of cross-corrugated membrane modules, illustrated in Figure 20.24, as offering the potential for developing multi-functional units for performing both reactions and product separation in one miniaturised module. The use of microporous... 

FIG. 6. The corrugation observed while imaging Al(l 11) is a strong function of tip-sample separation as well as the electronic structure of the tip. Theoretical results for an s and d/ tip state are shown in comparison with experimental data (Vtias = —50 mV). (From Ref. 39.)... 

Parallel and corrugated plate separators are improved types of oil-water separators with tilted plates installed at an angle of 45°. This increases the collection area many times while decreasing the overall size of the unit accordingly. As the water flows through the separator, the oil droplets coalesce on the underside of the plates and travel upward to where the oil is collected. 

Like goethite and akaganeite, lepidocrocite consists of double chains of Fe(0,0H)6 octahedra running parallel to the c-axis. The double chains share edges with adjacent double chains and each chain is displaced by half, with respect to its neighbour, thus forming corrugated sheets of octahedra (Fig. 2.5 d). These sheets are stacked perpendicular to the [100] direction and are separated by double rows of empty octahedral sites. 

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