Correction fluid

Solvents Concrete Stone Water supply Typist correction fluids... 

Selection of the correct fluid is essential if the maximum benefit is to be obtained for the user. In some machining operations and with some workpiece metals, of course, the choice is straightforward, but in the majority of cases, selection is inevitably a compromise in which several factors have to be weighed. The two most important considerations are the workpiece material and the type of machining operation (which, in turn, involves considerations of the tool material). 

Typing correction fluid Fuel-injection fluid Balloons... 

Trichloroethylene is also known as Triclene and Vitran and by other trade names in industry. It is a nonflammable, colorless liquid at room temperature with a somewhat sweet odor and a sweet, burning taste. Trichloroethylene is now mainly used as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts. It is also used as a solvent in other ways and is used to make other chemicals. Trichloroethylene can also be found in some household products, including typewriter correction fluid, paint removers, adhesives, and spot removers. Most people can begin to smell trichloroethylene in air when there are around 100 parts of trichloroethylene per million parts of air (ppm). Further information on the physical and chemical properties of trichloroethylene can be found in Chapter 3, and further information on its production and use can be found in Chapter 4. 

Various consumer products found to contain trichloroethylene include typewriter correction fluids, paint removers/strippers, adhesives, spot removers, and rug-cleaning fluids (Frankenberry et al. 1987 LARC 1979). 

Various consumer products have been found to contain trichloroethylene. These include wood stains, varnishes, and finishes lubricants adhesives typewriter correction fluids paint removers and cleaners (Frankenberry et al. 1987). Trichloroethylene use as an inhalation anesthetic, fumigant, and extractant for decaffeinating coffee has been discontinued in the United States (EPA 1985c). 

A survey of 20 brands of typographical correction fluids found that several contained 10% or less trichloroethylene, although other volatile organic compounds present at higher levels probably posed a greater hazard to people using these products (Ong et al. 1993). Various other consumer products have been found to contain trichloroethylene, such as paint removers, strippers, adhesives, and lubricants (Frankenberry et al. 1987). 

Ong CN, Koh D, Foo SC, et al. 1993. Volatile organic solvents in correction fluids identification and potential hazards. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 50 787-793. 

Troutman WG. 1988. Additional deaths associated with the intentional inhalation of typewriter correction fluid. Vet Hum Toxicol 30 130-132. 

Several publications have referred to calculating the correct fluid layer thickness for efficient mass transfer and to determine the area of the interface sufficient to build up enough pressure to stabilize the continuous flow of the two phases and to prevent intermixing [8], The first quantity should be below 100 pm the channel... 

For patients with fluid deficits, it is safer and more cost-effective to correct fluid abnormalities using standard intravenous fluids (e.g., sodium chloride 0.9% in water, dextrose 5% in water, and lactated Ringer s solution). Minimizing fluid volume in PN may be indicated in patients with fluid overload, such as critically ill patients who receive large-volume resuscitation fluids, patients with oliguric (urine output less than 400 mL/day) or anuric (urine output less than 50 mL/day) renal failure, and those with congestive heart failure. It is reasonable to... 

How Do Correction Fluids like Liquid Paper and White-Out Work ... 

Typewriter correction fluid was first invented by Bette Nesmith Graham J1 21 Her early version for the product consisted of a white tempura paint to correct mistakes. Looking for a mixture that was both quick-drying and barely detectable, she discovered a formulation that she would later sell to the Gillette Company in 1979. The formula was modified slightly in the 1980s. What is the chemistry of Liquid Paper ... 

Paper correction fluids contain two key ingredients—a white (or colored) pigment and a volatile fluid solvent. The pigment is initially dissolved in the solvent, but, upon application to a surface, the solvent readily evaporates. A solid residue of pigment remains. If solvent evaporates from an open bottle of correction fluid, additional solvent in the form of correction fluid thinner can be added to redissolve the solid pigment. 

White-colored correction fluids like Liquid Paper and White-Out contain the pigment titanium dioxide (Ti02) and the volatile solvent 1,1,1-trichloroethane or methyl chloroform (CCLCFL). The volatile substances in the correction fluid contribute 50% of the total volume of the product. Correction fluid thinner is simply 100% 1,1,1-trichloroethane solvent,I added to redissolve any solidified titanium dioxide. 

Liquid Paper Correction Fluid, White Material Safety Data Sheet, http //www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/ jsmith/MSDS/LIQUID% 20PAPER%20CORRECTION%20FLUID%20WHITE.htm... 

Organic solvents inhaled by abusers include gasoline, glue, aerosols, amyl nitrite, butyl nitrite, typewriter correction fluid, lighter fluid, cleaning fluids, paint products, nail polish remover, waxes, and varnishes. Chemicals in these products include nitrous oxide, toluene, benzene, methanol, methylene chloride, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, trichloroethylene, and trichloroethane. 

Many substances react in the gas phase rather than in solution. An important example is the process thought to deplete the ozone layer the reaction between gaseous ozone, O3, and chlorine radicals, high up in the stratosphere. Ultimately, the chlorine derives from volatile halocarbon compounds, such as die refrigerant Freon-12 or the methyl chloroform thinner in correction fluid. 

C. No data entries will be erased or made illegible. If an error was made, a single line is drawn through the entry. Do not use correction fluid. Initial and date corrections and indicate why the correction was necessary. 

Books, a dictionary, study notes, flash cards, highlighting pens, correction fluid, a ruler, or any other office supplies. 

The CPA or "Snake Pen" consists of a pen body containing a porous wick, such as that used in felt pens, and a solution ofDMSO and any number of toxins. When the wick is touched to the victim s skin he receives a fatal dose of poison. The CPA is built from a correction fluid pen, available at any office supply store. These pens have a soft, flexible body and are easy to modify. Unscrew the top from the son pen body, squeeze out the correction fluid and flush the interior with solvent to remove all traces of its original contents. Note that most of these pens have a left-hand thread on the body. The tip of the pen is sawed off and the valve stem carefully removed. Ream out the pen tip to fit the wick. A felt tip marker pen works well as a wick, after being soaked and rinsed in sol vent to remove traces of ink. It may be necessary to trim the wick to fit. Press the wick into the pen tip until about 3/8 " protrudes and seal around it with silicone sealer. When the sealant is dry, put on rubber gloves and, using a hypodermic syringes, inject the DMSO solution into the pen barrel until it is about 3/ 4 full. Be sure not to squeeze the pen while accomplishing this. Coat the barrel threads with a little silicone sealer, screw on the cap and allow the pen to dry in a vertical position. Line the inside of the cap... 

Inhaled substances may be associated with practices and equipment that may lead to suffocation. Commonly abused inhalants include model glue, spray paints, cleaning fluids, gasoline, liquid typewriter correction fluid, and aerosol propellants for deodorants or hair sprays. Most inhalants produce a rapid high that resembles alcohol intoxication. If sufficient amounts are inhaled, nearly all solvents and gases produce a loss of sensation, and even unconsciousness. Adverse effects may include severe organ damage. 

Correct fluid, acid-base and electrolyte imbalance. 

The National Inhalant Prevention Coalition (http //www.inhalants.org/) deals with the persistent problem of abuse of inhalants (such as paint thinner, glue, nail polish, and even correction fluid). Their web site describes inhalant abuse and gives tips for parents on how to spot its presence in children. 

Define a 3 mm x 3 mm square working area using either PVC tape (batch mode) or Tippex correction fluid (stop-flow mode). 

Inhalant is a term applied to an estimated 1,000 to 1,400 legal products used in households, industry, businesses, and medical settings. These products are as common as a felt-tip marker, a bottle of correction fluid or nail polish remover, a tank of gasoline, a tube of model airplane glue, air freshener or vegetable cooking spray, or a can of silver spray paint. 

Solvents Polish remover contains acetone paint remover, paint thinner, and correction fluids contain toluene (an aromatic hydrocarbon), methylene chloride, and methanol fuel gas contains butane lighter fluid contains butane and isopropane fire extinguishers contain bromochlorodifluo-romethane. 

The thinner used in typists correction fluids is a single compound, C2H3CI3, having 53C NMR peaks at 45.1 and 95.0. What is its structure A commercial paint thinner gives two spots on thin layer chromatography and has 13C NMR peaks at 7.0, 27.5,... 

Much of the information about the harmful effects of organic solvents comes from studies of industrial exposure, although toluene abuse through sniffing of glues and other household sources of solvents (acrylic paints, adhesive cements, aerosol paints, lacquer thinners, shoe polish, typewriter correction fluids, varnishes, and fuels) has also been widely reported. 

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