White colorant

Industrial Fillers. Whiting is widely used ia paints as a filler and pigment extender. A high refiective white color is a requisite for paint. Both ultrafine and relatively coarse carbonate fillers ate iacorporated ia mbber products. The latter type of a nominal 0.074 mm (200 mesh) size is for iaexpensive mbber products. 

Copper and nickel can be alloyed with zinc to form nickel silvers. Nickel silvers are ductile, easily formed and machined, have good corrosion resistance, can be worked to provide a range of mechanical properties, and have an attractive white color. These alloys are used for ornamental purposes, as sHverplated and uncoated tableware and flatware in the electrical iadustry as contacts, connections, and springs and as many formed and machined parts (see Electrical connectors). 

Although the pure metal has a silvery-white color, in the cast condition it may have a yellowish tinge caused by a thin film of protective oxide on the surface. When highly poHshed, it has high light reflectivity. It retains its brightness well during exposure, both outdoors and indoors. 

Crea.m Yeast. At a 5% soHds concentration in the fermentor, the yeast occupies about 12% of the fermentor volume. It is harvested by centrifugation in nozzle centrifuges and washed several times with water. The final centrifugate is cooled and stored in refrigerated tanks. This yeast cream (so called because of its off-white color) may be sold directly in this form, since in large baking faciHties, it may be piped directly to any desired location. 

Model plasters are manufactured from select finishing plasters with special emphasis on a clean, white color. Setting-time control agents, setting-expansion control additives, fillers, and pigments may be added. 

When sufficient acetic acid has been added, the dark color of the reaction mixture is replaced by a white color, and the mixture is often quite thick. More acetic acid is not harmful. 

Pure monomer. Nearly pure indene, a-methyl styrene, and vinyl toluene are polymerized to make pure monomer resins. These resins are an alternative to C9 resins. They offer nearly water white color and vastly reduced odor, but at higher cost. Softening points range as high as 155°C for polyindene, whereas C9 softening points are all below 120 C. 

Weiss-erde, /, white earth, terra alba, specif, white clay, -erz, n. arsenopjo-ite siderite krennerite an impure marcasite. -farbe,/. white color, white pigment,... 

The ethyl acetate is dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filterad and dried off. The oily residue is dissolved in 600 cc of methanol the di-oxalate is precipitated by the addition of a solution of oxalic acid in methanol. Yield 85%, melting point 190°C to 192°C (crystallized by methanol). Microcrystalline substance, creamy white color. 

The PVAc latex containing PVA as a protective colloid prepared in method [III] using the HPO (0.12%)-TA (0,10%) system as an initiator in Table 1 was cast to about 1.8 mm in thickness on a poly(ethylene) plate and dried at room temperature. The dried latex films were 0.7-0.9 mm in thickness and were semi-transparent. The porous film after acetone extraction changed to a white color without a change in the film size. 

Once the hole has been stabilized (i.e., after sloughing), stop drilling and blow the hole with air mist to eliminate cuttings. Continue this procedure for 15 to 20 min or until the air mist is clean (i.e., shows a fine spray and white color). 

The first major use of titanium dioxide was as a replacement for toxic lead compounds in paint It combines a brilliant white color with very high covering power. Addition of certain compounds of nickel changes the white color to yellow cobalt compounds give a green paint. 

Perhaps the most obvious metallic property is reflectivity or luster. With few exceptions (gold, copper, bismuth, manganese) all metals have a silvery white color which results from reflecting all frequencies of light. We have said previously that the electron configuration of a substance determines the way in which it interacts with light. Apparently the characteristic reflectivity of metals indicates that all metals have a special type of electron configuration in common. 

Some laundry detergents contain optical brighteners. These are fluorescent dyes that glow blue-white in ultraviolet light. The blue-white color makes yellowed fabrics appear white. 

The submitters reported that the blue color of the mixture fades during the reflux period to leave a cream-white colored reaction mixture. In the checkers runs (performed under a nitrogen atmosphere) the blue color was not discharged until ethanol was added to the reaction mixture. 

Figure 7 shows an example of a space-resolved microwave conductivity measurement of the semiconducting surface of a natural pyrite (FeS2) sample (from Murgul, Turkey). The overflow of the PMC signal (white color) was adjusted to a level that shows the patterns of distribution of low photoeffects (dark areas). Figure 8 shows a similar image in which,... 

In the case of reagent 1 the background turned yellow transiently on heating and then returned to a white color on cooling. 

Chemistry may be a forbidding environment for many nonchemists there are few rules that link basic physics with the observable world, and typical molecules sport so many degrees of freedom that predictions of any kind inevitably involve gross simplifications. So, analytical chemistry thrives on very reproducible measurements that just scratch the phenomenological surface and are only indirectly linked to whatever one should determine. A case in point what is perceived as off-white color in a bulk powder can be due to any form of weak absorption in the VlS(ible) range (X = 400-800 nm), but typically just one wavelength is monitored. 

PRODUCT BFG.xls consists of the chemist s table, a reduced table obtained by casting out data that is not ammenable to statistical analysis such as subjective assessments ( off-white color, characteristic crystal form, pungent smell STEP 1), and the final table that was freed of all inconsistencies by going back to the original data (STEP 2). Various interesting items are highlighted ... 

Application of the peeling solution. Ivory-white color of the skin is the end point of the application... 

Recently a further study of these reactions has been described (154). The compound originally characterized by Joshi et al. as Mn(CNCgH5)5Br was shown to be a mixture of [Mn(CNC4Hj)4]Br and [MnCO(CNCj-Hj)j]Br, by analyses and conductivity data. The white color reported for this complex is in accord with this new formulation all of the other covalent complexes are yellow or gold. In view of the incorrect characterization of this complex, the isolation of the new complex Mn(CNC6H5)5Cl from... 

Fig. 4 shows PL spectra of Mn and Pr-codoped ZnS nanoparticles opdcaily aimealed in air and vacuum. Mn and Pr-codoped ZnS nanoparticles emit light of white color. The PL intoisity of the Pr-related peaks incirasrf more rapidly than that of Mn-related peak, for the codoped ZnS nanoparticles ann ed in air. The different rates may be assodated with the luminescent ions. Pr-related oimplaces are incaeased with the incrrasing UV irradiation time, but Mn ions are constant. In case of the arni ing in vacuum, Pr-related peaks are initially weaker in intensity than Mn-related peaks due to small Pr-related complexes. 

Titanium dioxide is brilliant white, highly opaque, chemically inert, and nontoxic. Consequently, it finds wide uses as a pigment in paints and other coatings, in paper, sunscreens, cosmetics, and toothpaste. Almost all white-colored commercial products contain Ti02. ... 

Ohmiya, A. et ah. Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CmCCD4a) contributes to white color formation in Chrysanthemum petals. Plant Physiol. 142, 1193, 2006. 

Synthetic Method 1 6-(dimethylamino)-3-(N-acetyl-N-methylamino)-10-acetylphenothiazine 8a (procedure from US. Patent 4,652,643).5 A mixture of 9.0g of 6-(dimethylamino)-3-(methylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (Azure B), 150.0ml of acetic anhydride, and lO.Og of zinc dust was maintained at reflux temperature for approximately 4 hs. After the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, it was poured into ice water with stirring and 300ml of toluene was added. After stirring for approximately 30 min the toluene layer was separated and washed twice, once with tap water and once with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The toluene was then distilled off at reduced pressure. The residue which remained was dissolved in ethyl acetate and separated into various components by subjecting the solution to column chromatography using silica gel as substrate. Elution with ethyl acetate yielded a white-colored solid. 

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