Computerized

Feiste, K.L. Stegemann, D. Reimehe, W. Three dimensional analysis of growing casting defects. International Symposium on Computerized Tomography for Industrial Applieatlons, 8.10. Junl 1994, Berlin... 

Image reconstruction from projections is a basic process in computerized tomography (CT)... 

Up-to-day reliability requirements as applied to NPP strength maintenance govern development of new generation of computerized systems for in-service inspection. These systems in parallel with capabilities of ordinary ultrasonic techniques allow to reconstruct high resolution image of inner flaw and increase available amount of information. 

Recently, series of computerized defectoscopes AUGUR for inspected area image reconstruction have been developed in Russia in the framework of RF Minatom program. One of them is device with coherent data processing for expert inspection named AUGUR 4.2 . 

Compared with now used industrial film radiography our computerized X-ray TV introscope has higher sensitivity. The efficiency of our X-ray TV testing method is 15-2(1 times... 

Computerized Tomographic Imaging (CT), a well established method in medical diagnostics for 25 years now, also makes its arrival into non-destructive testing since the last decade. 

Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging IEEE Press, New York, 1988... 

Laminographical approaches can be used for layer-by-layer visualization of the internal microstructure for the flat objects (multilayers, PCBs etc.), that caimot be reconstructed by computerized tomography because of the limited possibilities in rotation. Depth and lateral spatial resolutions are limited by the tube, camera and rotation accuracy. Microfocus X-ray tubes and digital registration techniques with static cameras allow improving resolution. Precision object manipulations and more effective distortion corrections can do further improvement. 

U.Ewert et al. Digital Laminography. In International Symp. on Computerized Tomography for Industrial Applications, Berlin, June 1994, pp.148-159... 

International symposium on computerized tomograpy for industrial applications, Berlin 1994. 

The testing procedure is based on the combined use of the density measurement along the whole length of the fuel element and computerized tomography. This procedure enables to obtain thorough information on distribution of the fuel material in the fuel element... 

Hiller, D., and Ermert, H., System Analysis of Ultrasound Reflection Mode Computerized Tomography, IEEE Trans. Sonic Ultrasonic SU-31, pp 240-250, (1984). 

The lUPAC rules are not the only nomenclature system in use today Chemical Abstracts Service sur veys all the worlds leading scientific journals that publish papers relating to chemistry and publishes brief abstracts of those papers The publication Chemical Abstracts and its indexes are absolutely es sential to the practice of chemistry For many years Chemical Abstracts nomenclature was very similar to lUPAC nomenclature but the tremendous explosion of chemical knowledge has required Chemical Abstracts to modify Its nomenclature so that its indexes are better adapted to computerized searching This means that whenever feasible a compound has a sin gle Chemical Abstracts name Unfortunately this Chemical Abstracts name may be different from any of the several lUPAC names In general it is easier to make the mental connection between a chemical structure and its lUPAC name than its Chemical Abstracts name... 

Modern mass spectrometers are interfaced with computerized data handling sys terns capable of displaying the mass spectrum according to a number of different for mats Bar graphs on which relative intensity is plotted versus m z are the most common Figure 13 40 shows the mass spectrum of benzene m bar graph form... 

Computerized Test Bank—contains over 1 000 multiple choice questions... 

With the availability of computerized data acquisition and storage it is possible to build database libraries of standard reference spectra. When a spectrum of an unknown compound is obtained, its identity can often be determined by searching through a library of reference spectra. This process is known as spectral searching. Comparisons are made by an algorithm that calculates the cumulative difference between the absorbances of the sample and reference spectra. For example, one simple algorithm uses the following equation... 

Physical testing appHcations and methods for fibrous materials are reviewed in the Hterature (101—103) and are generally appHcable to polyester fibers. Microscopic analyses by optical or scanning electron microscopy are useful for evaluating fiber parameters including size, shape, uniformity, and surface characteristics. Computerized image analysis is often used to quantify and evaluate these parameters for quaUty control. 

There are many technical problems to be considered when developing a new commercial and viable filter. However, the filtration hardware in itself is not enough, as the control of a continuous pressure filter is much more difficult than that of its equivalents in vacuum filtration the necessary development may also include an automatic, computerized control system. This moves pressure filtration from low to medium or even high technology. Disk Filters. 

The more effective deflvery of natural gas is being realized by the use of computerized operation centers that allow rapid responses to the variations ia gas demand. Automated valves, more precise measuting systems, and high speed communication networks make it possible to closely monitor and manage the transmission and deflvery of natural gas. This translates iato improved service and cost effectiveness. 

Portable hand-held direct reading Rockwell testers have been developed and are in use, as are numerous C clamp configurations, all intended for field or shop use. The newest computerized digital readout Rockwell tester provides the ultimate in portabiUty at the cost of some loss of sensitivity due to the very light loads used. 

Location of and access to chemical and technical information other than journal articles is avadable through computerized information networks. Electronic bulletin board systems (BBS) provide a telecommunications tool to anyone who has a computer and a modem. Questions can be posted and read by thousands of bulletin board users worldwide, and files and software are easdy transferred from virtually anywhere to one s computer. 

Computerized High Temperature Materials Properties Data-base Purdue University Purdue University (CINDAS) compiled from Hterature and evaluated reference data for high temperature materials... 

Data Analysis. The computerization of spectrometers and the concomitant digitization of spectra have caused an explosive increase in the use of advanced spectmm analysis techniques. Data analysis in infrared spectrometry is a very active research area and software producers are constantly releasing more sophisticated algorithms. Each instmment maker has adopted an independent format for spectmm files, which has created difficulties in transferring data. The Joint Committee on Atomic and Molecular Physical Data has developed a universal format for infrared spectmm files called JCAMP-DX (52). Most instmment makers incorporate in thek software a routine for translating thek spectmm files to JCAMP-DX format. 

---