Computerized databases

With the availability of computerized data acquisition and storage it is possible to build database libraries of standard reference spectra. When a spectrum of an unknown compound is obtained, its identity can often be determined by searching through a library of reference spectra. This process is known as spectral searching. Comparisons are made by an algorithm that calculates the cumulative difference between the absorbances of the sample and reference spectra. For example, one simple algorithm uses the following equation... 

H. Schmit2, Stahl- isen-l istenjSteel-Iron Joists, 7th ed., Verein Deutsche Eisenhuttenleute (VDEh), Dusseldorf, Germany, 1987. 2500 German and 1000 foreign materials covered, also ia a computerized database. 

An extensive pesticide properties database was compiled, which includes six physical properties, ie, solubiUty, half-life, soil sorption, vapor pressure, acid pR and base pR for about 240 compounds (4). Because not all of the properties have been measured for all pesticides, some values had to be estimated. By early 1995, the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) had developed a computerized pesticide property database containing 17 physical properties for 330 pesticide compounds. The primary user of these data has been the USDA s Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) for leaching models to advise farmers on any combination of soil and pesticide properties that could potentially lead to substantial groundwater contamination. 

PIES, a computerized conduit to databases and document ordering, accessible via modem and personal computer (703) 506-1025. 

These multicomponent calculations are now computerized, and complicated systems, such as tire Si-C-H-Cl quaternaty, may be solved by the use of commercially available software, e. g. the IVTAN database. The solution to this multicomponent system which is obtained by this means is somewhat subjective, since, at the time of writing for example, data are available for 72 gaseous species in the quaternary system Si-C-H-Cl. Choosing 19 of the most probable of tlrese, and using tire IVTAN software to solve this multicomponent equilibrium, yields the following results for tire most probable species (see Table 3.2). 

If you operate a computerized documentation system, your problems can be eased by the versatility of the computer. Using a database you can provide users with all kinds of information regarding the nature of the change, but be careful. The more you provide the greater the chance of error and the harder and more costly it is to maintain. 

The customer will advise on the format of the advanced shipment notification (ASN). A computerized system will give you flexibility such that you are able to transmit the information immediately the shipment is loaded. You could use a fax machine as your backup since transmission is nearly as fast but this is likely to present the customer with data-handling problems. A computerized transmission feeds the data directly onto the customer database, by-passing the manual data-entry stage. Your backup system should do the same in order that your customer perceives no noticeable change in the information. 

Offers direct access to virtually all of the world s scientific and data bases for toxicology and related information. Covers chemicals, pesticides, food additives, industrial chemicals, heavy metals, environmental pollutants, and pharmaceuticals. The Center is online to more than 400 computerized databases, including DIALOG, MEDLARS, STN International, ITIS, and DROLS. It performs searches for outside users for a fee. 

Technica has compiled computerized failure rate data from the public domain that can developed into a database. Each database can be customized by adding client plant-specific data and updated easily in its electronic form. CLEF is also software compatible with the IRRAS fault tree package put out by EG4G. Failure rate libraries can be generated and imported from CLEF to the IRRAS program. 

There are three major steps to a patent search. (1) There is the US Patent Classification System that is a sort of subject index to all patents, (2) CASSIS is a computerized software information system provided by the USA patent office, and (3) review the patent that takes time involves the weekly official worldwide gazettes, magazines, etc. There are many ways available to search the patent database in both US and worldwide, but one web that is particularly useful to the novice or occasional searcher is one offered by IBM locate at http //www patents.IBM.com... 

Selecting an optimal material for a given product must obviously be based on analysis of the requirements to be met. A simplified approach involves comparing the specific service requirements to the potential properties of a plastic. What follows is a simplified but practical material-selection approach. This longhand system is a basis of the fastest computerized databases. 

Invest in learning the features of computerized textbooks, bibliographical databases, and specialized information resources to increase your efficiency. 

Once a potential release has been discovered, the information is entered into the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information System (CERCLIS), a computerized database used to track hazardous substance sites. After being entered into CERCLIS, each site undergoes a preliminary assessment (PA) to determine whether the site poses a potential hazard and whether further action is necessary. If the threat is immediate, a removal action may be conducted. 

CAS Chemical Abstracts Service registry number. It is unique for each chemical without inherent meaning that and is assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service, a division of the American Chemical Society. It allows for efficient searching of computerized databases. 

Therapeutic considerations associated with pregnancy and lactation encompass many complex issues that affect both the mother and her child, from planning for pregnancy through lactation. Resources on the use of drugs in pregnancy and lactation include the FDA categorization system, the primary literature, textbooks, and computerized databases (e.g., the Canadian database, http //vmvw.motherisk.org). 

Monitoring corrective action plans and schedules can be done manually. However, a computerized database can also be used to track all corrective actions. A computerized tracking system is of particular benefit when a large number of activities must be monitored. As a minimum, the system for tracking the status of corrective actions should ... 

A more refined form of accident reports is an accident database, where all the reports are presented in a standardized format. Extensive databanks have already been collected from accident reports (Anon, 1996). This kind of standardized format allows easier retrieval of accident information also by computerized means. 

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