Computerized controls

There are many technical problems to be considered when developing a new commercial and viable filter. However, the filtration hardware in itself is not enough, as the control of a continuous pressure filter is much more difficult than that of its equivalents in vacuum filtration the necessary development may also include an automatic, computerized control system. This moves pressure filtration from low to medium or even high technology. Disk Filters. 

Important to environmental analysis is the ability to automate the injection, as weU as the identification and quantitation of large numbers of samples. Gc/ms systems having automatic injectors and computerized controllers have this capabiUty, even producing a final report in an unattended manner. Confirmation and quantitation are accompHshed by extracting a specific ion for each of the target compounds. Further confirmation can be obtained by examining the full scan mass spectmm. 

Monitoring by Electromechanical Instrumentation. According to basic engineering principles, no process can be conducted safely and effectively unless instantaneous information is available about its conditions. AH sterilizers are equipped with gauges, sensors (qv), and timers for the measurement of the various critical process parameters. More and more sterilizers are equipped with computerized control to eliminate the possibiUty of human error. However, electromechanical instmmentation is subject to random breakdowns or drifts from caUbrated settings and requires regular preventive maintenance procedures. 

Load sharing or selective load shedding is of interest to many users of hot gas expanders. A particularly successful European FCC application is illustrated in Figure 6-43. The addition of an expander-generator set to the FCC unit at a major refinery presented a challenge because a trip of the expander could upset the process. The company that is the subject of this application case study, GHH Borsig, solved this problem with the installation of a computerized control system and through computer simulation of trips. 

Computerized controls allow remote monitoring and control of temperatures, pressures, liquid levels, and fluid flows at three separate locations in the plant. Computer keyboards allow an operator to electronically perform precise processing adjustments from any of the three strategic plant locations. 

In some systems, central computerized control and monitoring equipment. 

Computer systems are used worldwide in the pharmaceutical industry and have direct bearing on product quality. The purpose of validation is to demonstrate that the intended product manufactured, packed, or distributed using a computerized controlled system will meet the safety, efficacy, and potency requirements per the individual monograph. 

Qualification tests shall be carried out in order to check the transmission of one-bit binary information sent by sensors and safeties to the computerized control system or programmable logic controller. 

The performance qualification of computerized control systems consists of a group of tests pooled in functional checks. The tests shall be carried out on the integrated system. The structure of the performance qualification shall be standardized for all performance qualification of computerized pharmaceutical equipment. 

The protection of extraction plants run at pressures of up to 48 MPa by safety valves and rupture discs is shown in Chapter 7.3. In this context the use of interlocking and computerized control systems is demonstrated. 

Computerized Control Systems in the Food Industry, edited by Gauri S. Mittal... 

Nomura, Y., Iwahara, M., and Hongo, M. 1988. Acetic acid production by an electrodialysis fermentation method with a computerized control system. Appl. Environ. Microb. 54, 137-142. 

Computerized control system docnmentation (e.g., termination and interconnecting cabling drawings)... 

The calibration procedures adopted on-site must be agreed on with the customer and conform to recognized industry instrument calibration standards and the supplier s instructions. These procedures must be applied to all in-line instrumentation, loop instrumentation, local controllers, analyzers, and so on. Where the control and monitoring instrumentation is integrated with a computerized control system and where factory tests have been carried out, the installation calibration procedure should be agreed on with the customer. 

Loop testing of instrumentation and any associated computerized control system should encompass the interfaces with electrical equipment (via the electrical and instrumentation interface panel) and its related operation. Loop testing must not be carried out on electroific equipment until an adequate warm-up period has elapsed. Where possible, equipment should be energized for at least 24 h prior to testing. 

For electronic loops, check polarities, measure the loop impedance, and make the necessary compensating adjustments. The compensating adjustments on smart instruments can be made using either a handheld terminal or direcdy at the instrument. Smart instruments, if supported, can also be adjusted using an instrument configuration page on a computerized control system. 

On completion of installation, all documentation associated with the installation, calibration, and testing of the field instrumentation, along with any associated computerized control system documentation, should be collated by the project manager/engineer ready for IQ. Most of this documentation will be in the pre- as-built condition at this stage of the project and will, therefore, contain site (red line) markups. 

OQ verifies that the control and monitoring instrumentation, as integrated with the process equipment and any associated computerized control system, meets the operational and functional requirements defined in the instrument application design documentation and/or computerized control system User Requirements Specification (URS). PQ verifies that the control and monitoring instrumentation, as integrated with the process equipment and any associated computerized control system, meets the operational and functional requirements defined in the instrument application design documentation and/or computerized control system URS, and prodnces pharmaceutical product consistently to specification. ... 

Periodic reviews of the mannfacturing process, inclnding the control and monitoring instmmen-tation and any associated computerized control system, mnst take place from the time it is handed over to a site nntil it is replaced and/or decommissioned, in order to verify that it continnes to be capable of prodncing qnality product to specification. The pnrpose of a periodic review, with regard to control and monitoring instrumentation, is to verify that it has been maintained in a validatable condition. 

Each specification sheet should contain the required calibration" and testing needs. Consideration should be given to how any associated computerized control system will be tested to ensure conformance to the URS. Typical information to be considered includes the following ... 

All control items in the loop, including loop controllers and computerized eontrol system I/O card address and termination details the I/O details would need to be provided by the computerized control system designers... 

Remote Presence (RP-6) Robots, sold by InTouch Health, Inc., allow a medical expert to visually examine and communicate with a patient from anywhere in the world. TTie 5-foot 4-inch robot has a flat-screen computer monitor mounted on top. It is connected to the Internet via a hospital s secure wireless network. The system includes a two-way video feed, a microphone, and a speaker. The robot is guided by a physician using a joystick from a computerized control station (usually) in the physician s home or office. The doctor controlling the robot can view the patient, ask questions and read... 

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