Computerized analysis

Similar computerized analysis can be carried out for other homopolymers where detailed fractionation/NMR data are available. The use of MIXCO methodology to analyze such data for polypropylene has been previously reported.(11) Note that although pairwise combinations of fractions were analyzed here, the methodology given here is general. In principle, the NMR data for three fractions (or even an array of fractions) can be treated at once. 

Only seven published studies exist regarding the effects of a small number of antidepressants on computerized sleep EEG patterns [Jarrett et al. 1988 Kupfer et al. 1991, 1994 Minot et al. 1993). In these studies, only 118 total patients were included, and no confirmatory study was done for any of the drugs. Moreover, the length of the drug administration period varied from 1 day (Jarrett et al. 1988] to 3 years (Kupfer et al. 1994], and the method of computerized analysis was not uniform some studies used period analysis (Jarrett et al. 1988 Kupfer et al. 1991], others used fast Fourier transform (Minot et al. 1993 van Bemmel et al. 1992b, 1993b], and some others used both period analysis and fast Fourier transform (Kupfer et al. 1994). 

Near Infrared Reflectance Analysis (NIRA) is in use at over 5000 sites for the analysis of multiple constituents in food and other products. The technology is based upon correlation transform spectroscopy, which combines NIR spectrophotometry and computerized analysis of a "learning set" of samples to obtain calibrations without the need for detailed spectroscopic knowledge of factors being analyzed. The computer can obtain spectral characteristics of the analyte (based upon a correlation with data from an accepted reference analysis) without separation of the sample s constituents. 

Staropoli, J. F. and Alon, U., Computerized analysis of chemotaxis at different stages of bacterial growth, Biophys. J., 78, 513, 2000. 

Computerized analysis of the sleep-wake cycle by means of spectral analysis requires that each phase of the cycle expresses its unique activity pattern. Under physiological conditions this is the case, but may be less evident after certain drug administrations. In exceptional cases, computerized analysis may become impossible because of drug-induced abnormalities in the EEG. In these cases, however, visual analysis would also be impossible, because the spectral analysis approach uses the same information as visual analysis. In these cases measurement of more physiological parameters (see below) may be more helpful. 

Zoccolillo, L., Conti, M., Hanel, R., and Magri, A.D. A computerized analysis of the sulfur content in diesel fuel by capillary gas chromatography with flame photometric detector. Chro-... 

Lerma J, Herranz AS, Herreras O, Abraira V, Martin del Rio R (1986) In vivo determination of extracellular concentration of amino acids in the rat hippocampus. A method based on brain dialysis and computerized analysis. Brain Res iS4 145-155. 

Cheminformatics is a research area dealing with computational processing and management of chemical information, particularly information acquisition, chemical descriptors, and computerized analysis of chemistry data. 

Figure 12.28 Formation of an x-ray diffraction pattern of the protein hemoglobin. A, The sample of crystalline hemoglobin is rotated to obtain many different angles of incoming and diffracted x-rays. B, A diffraction pattern is obtained as a complex series of spots. (Large white spot in center is a shadow cast by the apparatus.) C, Computerized analysis relates the pattern to distances and angles within the crystal. The data are used to generate a picture of the hemoglobin molecule.

H. L. Hopkins, J. Loughhead, and C. J. Monks, A Computerized Analysis of Power Condenser Performance Based upon an Investigation of Condensation, Condensers Theory and Practice, I. Chem. E. Symp. Ser., no. 75, pp. 152-170, Pergamon Press, London, 1983. 

Brokaw, C. J. (1990). Computerized analysis of flagellar motilily by digitization and fitting of film images with straight segments of equal length. CeU Mot. Cytoskeleton 17, 309-316. 

Huo Z, Giger ML, Wolverton DE, et al (2000) Computerized analysis of mammographic parenchymal patterns for breast cancer risk assessment feature selection. Med Phys 27 4-12... 

Huo Z, Giger ML, Olopade 01, et al (2002a) Computerized Analysis of Digitized Mammograms of BRCAl and BRCA2 Gene Mutation Carriers. Radiology 225 519-526... 

McLaren, J. W., Erie, J. C., Brubaker, R. F. (1992). Computerized analysis of pupillograms in studies of alertness. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 33, 671-676. 

Gerner-Smidt, P., Graves, L. M., Hunter, S., and Swaminathan, B. (1998) Computerized analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns comparative evaluation of two commercial software packages. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 1318-1323. 

Because the nozzle produces a diverging beam, it is often the case that the spectra seen are split into two or more components, but this instrumental artifact is easily dealt with by computerized analysis. 

Chan HP, Sahiner B, Lam KL et al (1998) Computerized analysis of mammographic microcalcifications in morphological and texture feature spaces. Med Phys 25 2007-2019 Chang RF, Kuo WJ, Chen DR, et al. (2000) Computer-aided diagnosis for surgical office-based breast ultrasound. Arch Surg 135 696-699... 

If the information becomes too difficult to manipulate manually, the data can be entered into a computerized analysis program. Using specialized analytical software, investigators can produce an events and causal factors graphic, as well as other analytical trees or accident models. 

Based on computerized analysis of electrical activity in different areas of the brain of particular relevance are studies of relative electrical activity in different hemispheres of the brain (Marshall and Fox, 2001)... 

Beaumont, J. P. Computerized Analysis Can Straighten Out Warped Plastic Parts. SPE RETEC, Oct. 27-28, 1988. 

In recent times, following on from the development of automatic adsorption equipment and the computerized analysis of adsorption data, there exists a tendency to underestimate the value and importance of the adsorption isotherm. The assessment and role of what is termed internal surface area are assumed to be dominant. The problem with the use of computerized equipment is that it is programmed to re-assemble adsorption data into the coordinates of the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) or Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) adsorption equations (see below) and to provide the best straight line through data, and so to obtain a value for a surface area. The adsorption isotherm is often not printed out. There is a need to do this as the isotherm, as such, provides considerable information simply from a visual inspection. No account is taken by the computer that not all of the adsorption data are appropriate. As a result, computer-based values of surface area are obtained which can be far removed from those obtained by manual calculations which use the appropriate manual points and a knowledge of adsorption processes. 

Note In ASME codes a is defined as S but this symbol is adopted for uniformity for suitable computerized analysis as done elsewhere in the text. 

Computerized analysis has enhanced the possibilities for identifying samples by IR spectrometry. The spectrum is analysed to identify the peaks, which may then be listed. This is much easier and more accurate than visual examination of the hard copy spectrum. 

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