BASF company production

Whereas the United States are the biggest agrochemicals market, the top three companies, Bayer CropScience, Syngenta, and BASF Agricultural Products Nutrition, are located in Germany and Switzerland (see Table 11.6). The United States follows in importance. Out of the top—albeit mainly small ones—20 companies, 8 companies are based in Japan. 

A variety of organic transformations in aqueous media using BDD anodes have been studied. The pronounced stability of the BDD material in the presence of water makes it obvious that is should be used in oxidation processes. However, the yields are usually low and therefore less attractive for synthetic purposes. The BASF company investigated the anodic oxidation of butyn-l,4-diol 32. The anodic treatment in an electrolyte of dilute sulfuric acid gave small amounts of the monoacid 33 and the acetylene dicarboxylic acid 34. The moderate product efficiency might be attributed to electrochemical incineration processes (Scheme 15). 

BASF is one of the world s leading chemical companies with around 82,000 employees worldwide and reported total 2004 sales of 37.5 billion, up 12% from the figure of 33.4 billion recorded in 2003. Operating income earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) rose by 82.7% to 4.9 billion in 2004 from 2.7 billion in 2003. BASF has production facilities in 41 countries and maintains contact with customers in more than 170 nations. 

The industrial-scale availability of nitrogen and hydrogen at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century enabled a host of new applications. The BASF company, for example, succeeded in developing an ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and hydrogen in 1913. This paved the way for mass production of fertilisers. 

It has been known since the early 1950s that butadiene reacts with CO to form aldehydes and ketones that could be treated further to give adipic acid (131). Processes for producing adipic acid from butadiene and carbon monoxide [630-08-0] have been explored since around 1970 by a number of companies, especially ARCO, Asahi, BASF, British Petroleum, Du Pont, Monsanto, and Shell. BASF has developed a process sufficiendy advanced to consider commercialization (132). There are two main variations, one a carboalkoxylation and the other a hydrocarboxylation. These differ in whether an alcohol, such as methanol [67-56-1is used to produce intermediate pentenoates (133), or water is used for the production of intermediate pentenoic acids (134). The former is a two-step process which uses high pressure, >31 MPa (306 atm), and moderate temperatures (100—150°C) (132—135). Butadiene,... 

Survey of the patent Hterature reveals companies with processes for 1,4-butanediol from maleic anhydride include BASF (94), British Petroleum (95,96), Davy McKee (93,97), Hoechst (98), Huels (99), and Tonen (100,101). Processes for the production of y-butyrolactone have been described for operation in both the gas (102—104) and Hquid (105—108) phases. In the gas phase, direct hydrogenation of maleic anhydride in hydrogen at 245°C and 1.03 MPa gives an 88% yield of y-butyrolactone (104). Du Pont has developed a process for the production of tetrahydrofuran back-integrated to a butane feedstock (109). Slurry reactor catalysts containing palladium and rhenium are used to hydrogenate aqueous maleic acid to tetrahydrofuran (110,111). 

There are three commercial suppHers that manufacture polysulfones Amoco Corporation ia the United States, BASF Corporation ia Germany, and Sumitomo Chemical Company ia Japan. A listing of the resias suppHed by each of these companies along with the trade names particular to each of these suppHers is shown ia Table 9. AH three companies supply a polyethersulfone-type product. Polysulfone, on the other hand, is suppHed by Amoco and BASF, and Amoco is the sole suppHer of polyphenylsulfone. 

Prior to 1975, reaction of mixed butenes with syn gas required high temperatures (160—180°C) and high pressures 20—40 MPa (3000—6000 psi), in the presence of a cobalt catalyst system, to produce / -valeraldehyde and 2-methylbutyraldehyde. Even after commercialization of the low pressure 0x0 process in 1975, a practical process was not available for amyl alcohols because of low hydroformylation rates of internal bonds of isomeric butenes (91,94). More recent developments in catalysts have made low pressure 0x0 process technology commercially viable for production of low cost / -valeraldehyde, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, and isovaleraldehyde, and the corresponding alcohols in pure form. The producers are Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastic Company Inc., BASF, Hoechst AG, and BP Chemicals. 

Vitamin C was the first vitamin to be manufactured by chemical synthesis on an iadustrial scale. Major suppHers of vitamin C are Hoffmaim-La Roche, BASF, Takeda, E. Merck, and various companies ia China. Additional production occurs ia Eastern Europe and India. 

The current paradigm for B syntheses came from the first report in 1957 of a synthesis of pyridines by cycloaddition reactions of oxazoles (36) (Fig. 5). This was adapted for production of pyridoxine shordy thereafter. Intensive research by Ajinomoto, BASF, Daiichi, Merck, Roche, Takeda, and other companies has resulted in numerous pubHcations and patents describing variations. These routes are convergent, shorter, and of reasonably high throughput. 

John Eerris, Environmental Protection Agency Albert Ness, Rohm and Haas Company David Riggs, Anderson Development Company Robert Rosen, BASF Corporation Kevin Shaughnessy, The Dow Chemical Company Laszio Takaco, Occidental Chemical Corporation Anthony Thompson, Monsanto Company Anthony Torres, Eastman Kodak Company RickYabroff, United Agri Products, Inc. 

Whilst there is a large number of manufacturers, two companies, Dow and BASF, have a significant share of the market, with 16.2% and 11.4% respectively for their products Styron and Polystyrol. 

The first commercially available acetal resin was marketed by Du Pont in 1959 under the trade name Delrin after the equivalent of ten million pounds had been spent in research or polymers of formaldehyde. The Du Pont monopoly was unusually short lived as Celcon, as acetal copolymer produced by the Celanese Corporation, became available in small quantities in 1960. This material became commercially available in 1962 and later in the same year Farbwerke Hoechst combined with Celanese to produce similar products in Germany (Hostaform). In 1963 Celanese also combined with the Dainippon Celluloid Company of Osaka, Japan and Imperial Chemical Industries to produce acetal copolymers in Japan and Britain respectively under the trade names Duracon and Alkon (later changed to Kematal). In the early 1970s Ultraform GmbH (a joint venture of BASF and Degussa) introduced a copolymer under the name Ultraform and the Japanese company Asahi Chemical a homopolymer under the name Tenal. 

The plastic recycling activities of BASF are reported and discussed. Recycling of plastics products is investigated widiin die company s pilot plants in cooperation with customers, and in projects which are supported by industry partners. BASF... 

The support we received from our sponsors was much appreciated and greatly contributed to the success of the 22nd conference. On behalf of ORCS, 1 specifically thank these organizations Avantium, BASF Catalysts LLC, Eli Lilly and Company, Evonik Degussa Corporation, W.R. Grace (Davison Catalysts), Parr Instrument, Air Products, Amgen, Eastman, Umicore, Bristol-Myers Squibb, DuPont, Headwaters, HEt Lummus Technology, OMG, Seton Hall University (c/c Dr. John Sowa) and Slid Chemie. 

The author s work in the area of CFD analysis of chemical reactors has been supported nearly continuously for the last 15 years by the U.S. National Science Foundation. The work on gas-solid multiphase flows and population balances was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The author would also like to acknowledge support from several companies, including Air Products and Chemicals, BASF, BASELL, BP Chemicals, Dow Chemical, DuPont Engineering, and Univation Technologies. Last, but not least, the author wishes to acknowledge his many collaborators over the years who are many in number to name them individually. 

The rapid movement in the global phthalates market away from using plasticisers 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in favour of alternative products was underscored recently when BASF revealed plans to close its 2-EH and DEHP plants in Germany. The restructuring in Europe will have no effect on BASF s plasticiser portfolio in Nafta and Asia, however, where the company will continue to offer 2-EH and DEHP. About 70% of the plasticiser maiket volume is phthalates, and plasticisers make up about 60% of the plastic additives maiket. PVC accounts for 80-90% of global plasticiser consumption. In October 2003, California added DEHP to the state s list of more than 750 chemicals known to cause birth defects or reproductive harm. Previous studies had shown that the chemical can leach from plastic bags that contain intravenous fluids, blood, tube feedings or other medical treatment, and thereby enter the bodies of patients. 

The current market for concentrated hydroxylamine solutions is expanding. If not for the explosion, CSI would have been the first company in the United States to manufacture this product in commercial quantities. Nissin Chemical Company was the sole global supplier of hydroxylamine up to that time. In early 1999, BASF Aktiengesellschaft started up a new production facility in Germany. Fourteen months following the CSI incident, a catastrophic explosion at the Nissin plant in Japan further decreased the availability of hydroxylamine. 

It is commercially advantageous to operate cells with no diaphragm since the cell diaphiagm is the weakest point in the system. Achievement of this aim rests upon finding an anode reaction that destroys neither the substrate nor the product. Russian workers [63] showed that up to 90 % yields of adiponitrile can be obtained at a graphite cathode in an undivided cell with an iron oxide anode, provided that phosphate and tetraalkylammomum ions are present. Further research contributions from Monsanto, BASF and Japanese companies led to the present system for hydrodimerization of acrylonitrile using an undivided cell [64,65]. 

The authors thank the companies BASF, BAYER, DEGUSSA, WACKER and the former HOECHST AG who made available to us revised and new examples from industrial laboratories. We also thank the Chemistry Editorial and Production Department of Springer-Verlag for an excellent cooperation. 

We will briefly trace the evolution of chemicals production through three of the largest U.S. chemical companies and the German cartel. We will see that each of these companies can be basically defined through a single chemical DuPont by HNO3, Union Carbide by acetylene, Dow Chemical by CI2, and BASF by the dye industry. 

One of these companies was Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik or BASF (translated as Baden-Baden Aniline and Soda Ash Company) in the town of Ludwigshaven in the Rhine valley of Germany, which combined the synthesis of anihne dyes and alkalis in early products and in their name. 

The Rhine and the Ruhr valleys (the Ruhr was a coal producing center in nineteenth-century Germany) rapidly became the center of chemical production, as many companies joined in the production of many chemical products. The synthesis of NH3 was begun here by Fritz Haber at Karlsruhe and Bosch at BASF in 1910. The large-scale production of... 

In the 1930s Adolph Hitler combined these companies into a cartel called 1 G Farben (Farben means colors) that rapidly dominated prewar chemical production and then produced Germany s chemicals, munitions, and synthetic fuels during World War 11. After the War, in an effort to control the power of this conglomerate, the Allies spht 1 G Farben into three separate companies BASF, Bayer, and Hoechst, which specialized in commodity chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and fine chemicals, respectively. These companies have continued to grow since the war so that now the three of them are the top three chemical companies in the world. 

Thus, the impressive size of BASF s Fine Chemical Division is due to a BASF-specific definition of the term fine chemicals. In fact, the division, which is part of the business segment Agricultural Products Nutrition produces large volume aroma chemicals (a.o. 40,000 metric tons/year of citral) and vitamins (A, B2, C and E), as well as several lines of specialty chemicals (a.o. excipients and personal care products). Fine chemicals as defined in Section 1.1 account for about 150 million ( 190 million) in 2006, after full consolidation of the Swiss Fine Chemical company Orgamol, acquired in 2005. BASF holds a leading position in ibuprofen (made in USA), coffein and pseudoephedrin (made in Germany). BASF forecasts a further increase to 500 million ( 625 million) within 10 years which should make it the third largest fine-chemical company. 

A recent example of a product that is demanding in terms of process chemistry is a new herbicide from BASF. The seven-step synthesis requires bromination, chlorination, carbonylation, oxydation (with H2O2), hydrogenation, and a reaction with ethylene. As no fine-chemical manufacturer was in a position to offer the whole range of process technologies, the manufacture will be split between two fine-chemical companies. 

U.K, DuPont and Dow Chemical, BASF and Bayer in Germany, ATOFINA in France, Azko Nobel Chemical in The Netherlands, Sasol Group in South Africa, Asahi Glass, Mitsubishi Corporation, and Sumitomo Chemicals in Japan. The parent company s Web site will provide portals to its products, subsidiaries, and individual country Web sites. 

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