Commercial advantages

The aforementioned applications of air conditioning were possible because a commercial advantage was present. Limited refrigeration technology contributed to high installation costs. These costs could... 

A commercial advantage was present in many industrial processes. Uncontrolled heat and humidity impacted some products such as chocolate, pasta, textiles, and tobacco. Air conditioning allowed for unifonn and continuous production despite weather conditions, reduced spoilage and waste, and thus saved money—enough in many cases to easily justify the installed and operating costs. 

It is commercially advantageous to operate cells with no diaphragm since the cell diaphiagm is the weakest point in the system. Achievement of this aim rests upon finding an anode reaction that destroys neither the substrate nor the product. Russian workers [63] showed that up to 90 % yields of adiponitrile can be obtained at a graphite cathode in an undivided cell with an iron oxide anode, provided that phosphate and tetraalkylammomum ions are present. Further research contributions from Monsanto, BASF and Japanese companies led to the present system for hydrodimerization of acrylonitrile using an undivided cell [64,65]. 

Offers Clear and Tangible Environmental, Human Health, and Commercial Advantages Relative to an Existing Chemical or Chemicals. 

Of the various extraction processes the decaffeination with supercritical CO2 exhibits the most commercial advantages for bulk production. The process is a discontinuous one. Fig. 1.4-3 shows a number of serially arranged extractors (5) charged with the supercritical CO2 feed by the centrifugal circulation pump (1). 

World War and for many years was used together with sucrose as a mainstay of beverage sweeteners. Saccharin, by experiment, has a sweetness factor compared with sucrose of 450 for the soluble form (sodium saccharin dihydrate) and around 550 for the much less water-soluble imide form. Despite commercial advantages saccharin is little used now because of its bitter aftertaste. 

Although ion radical organic chemistry is a new branch, its development reaches an outlet stage in the sense of practical applications. Some of them have already brought commercial advantages others remain as promising fields with attractive prospects. The further... 

Across the industry, there is a clear impression that since process validation is a regulatory requirement the possibility of any financial return has been eliminated. As a consequence, it has taken the industry a long time to recognize that there is a commercial advantage and tangible financial benefit to validation activities. 

Relatedly, once a drug has been marketed and has proved to be successful (clinically successful as indicated in published clinical communications and likely commercially successful as evidenced by annual sales reports), other companies may wish to develop similar products that they feel will have a clinical (and commercial) advantage. This process involves the development of an analog of the established drug (see Fischer and Ganellin, 2006). 

We intend to determine the commercialization advantages of the direct processes in comparison with the indirect processes discussed. The different markets, the relative economics, the state of relative development will all play a part in the recommendations planned to encourage the commercialization of the coal liquids technologies. 

PANELIST PASSMAN We have looked at a number of ashes from different processes, including fluidized beds, and there has been an expectation that there might even be some commercial advantage for highway use. However, the quantities involved are probably beyond what are needed if the use was as widespread as we would like it to be. The handling qualities of the waste are fairly good. We took a look and said, "As a last resort, what could you do " The plans include putting it back in the mines where the coal came from, and apparently there is adequate space for that. 

Polysaccharide dispersions phase-separate spontaneously, a phenomenon called aging. Phase-separation may be induced in special systems, under controlled conditions (e.g., encapsulation), to industrial and commercial advantage. 

Those consequences are now with us. Universities have been obliged to seek funds from industry, university researchers have been required to obtain money from industry, and commercial firms conduct their own vast programmes. The result is that it is now quite difficult to find wholly independent scientists many of the most expert scientists in any field are funded by an interested party in that field. Where does one then go for independent advice Even freedom to publish may be constrained or delayed, to preserve commercial advantage for the funder. 

The gene technology developed in the past few decades can be used to test scientific hypotheses and to alter plant metabolic pathways for commercial advantage. These two uses of technology go hand in hand unless it is understood how a pathway works, it is very difficult to change that pathway in a particular direction. 

Resolution at the penultimate stage of the manufacturing process offered certain practical and commercial advantages and attempts were made to invert... 

Recendy original all solid-state elearodes for NH4 were successfully combined with urease for the assay of urea (70,71). These electrodes consist of a conductive resin (epoxy -t- graphite) covered by a nonactin-PVC matrix. They offer interesting commercial advantages over membrane electrodes with internal solution and reference electrode. 

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