Davy McKee

Fig. 13. Mixer—settlers (a) IMI (b) General Mills (c) Davy-McKee and (d) CMS.

The development of the novel Davy-McKee combined mixer—settler (CMS) has been described (121). It consists of a single vessel (Fig. 13d) in which three 2ones coexist under operating conditions. A detailed description of units used for uranium recovery has been reported (122), and the units have also been studied at the laboratory scale (123). AppHcation of the Davy combined mixer electrostatically assisted settler (CMAS) to copper stripping from an organic solvent extraction solution has been reported (124). 

Survey of the patent Hterature reveals companies with processes for 1,4-butanediol from maleic anhydride include BASF (94), British Petroleum (95,96), Davy McKee (93,97), Hoechst (98), Huels (99), and Tonen (100,101). Processes for the production of y-butyrolactone have been described for operation in both the gas (102—104) and Hquid (105—108) phases. In the gas phase, direct hydrogenation of maleic anhydride in hydrogen at 245°C and 1.03 MPa gives an 88% yield of y-butyrolactone (104). Du Pont has developed a process for the production of tetrahydrofuran back-integrated to a butane feedstock (109). Slurry reactor catalysts containing palladium and rhenium are used to hydrogenate aqueous maleic acid to tetrahydrofuran (110,111). 

A subsidiary of Lurgi AG, formerly Davy McKee AG (Bamag). 

APOL [Alkaline pressure oxidation leaching] A process for extracting gold from refractory ores, developed by Davy McKee (Stockton, UK). 

Developed by Davy McKee, which built plants from 1974 to 1986. See also CONIA. Hellmer, L., Chem. Eng. Prog, 1972, 68(4), 67. 

SHOP [Shell Higher Olefins Process] A process for producing a-olefins by oligomerizing ethylene, using a proprietary rhodium/phosphine catalyst. The a-olefins can then be iso-merized to internal olefins as required. Invented by W. Keim in the Institut fur Technische Chemie und Petrolchemie, Aachen, in the 1970s. The first plant was built in Geismar, LA, in 1979 the second in Stanlow, Cheshire, in 1982. Licensed worldwide by a consortium of Union Carbide, Davy-McKee, and Johnson Matthey. 

The solution is regenerated by heat to provide a sulfur-rich gas which can be used to make elemental sulfur, sulfuric acid, or sulfur dioxide. A small amount of sodium sulfate is produced, which must be crystallized out and disposed of. Initially the process used the potassium salts. Developed in the late 1960s. Licensed by Davy McKee and used in 22 plants in the United States, Japan, Germany, and Austria. 

In 2001 Sasol announced the commercialisation of a Rh-catalysed hydroformylation technology, licensed from Kvaemer (Davy McKee), for conversion of Sasol s Fischer-Tropsch 1-alkenes to detergent alcohols, on 120 kt/a scale [55] that is probably using this technology. 

In this connection the reduction of acetic acid to ethanol by Humphreys Glasgow, Davy McKee and BASF must be quoted as an attractive route to ethanol. This route combines the high selectivity of the Monsanto acetic acid process with a hydrogenation step. 

Low Pressure Oxo (LPO) Process of Wilkinson/Union Carbide/Johnson Matthey/Davy McKee b In the mean time n/i = 99/1.3... 

Fig. 1. Process for making formaldehyde, using a silver catalyst- Developed and operated by Imperial Chemical Industries Limited and available through Davy McKee (Oil) and Chemicals Ltd. London. England...

Fig. 5. Pressure pouring plant showing fixed mold and moving pouring tank layout. (Davy McKee Iron Sieel Division, Stockion-on-Tees, England)...

Suman C. Desai, Davy McKee Inm 4 Steel Division. Ashmore House. Stockton-on-Tees, England, Iron... 

Union Carbide, Johnson Matthey and Davy McKee have jointly developed a low pressure, two-step rhodium catalyzed process which takes place at around 110°C and 100-300 psi (3 ) The rhodium complex HRh(CO)(P/Tj)3 is stable at typical reaction temperatures and pressures. The rhodium concentration in the reaction mix is usually around 0.02 wt%. 

FIGURE 11 Typical mixer-settlers, (a) Davy-McKee, (b) IMI, (c) General Mills, and (d) CMS. 

The SABAR (Strong Acid By Azeotropic Rectification) process makes nitric acid by the atmospheric oxidation of ammonia. The nitrous gases from the oxidation are absorbed in azeotropic nitric acid in the presence of oxygen under pressure. The process was developed by Davy McKee who built plants based on this technology from 1974 to 1986. 

F g- 23.14. Flow diagram of filtration section of a wet process phosphoric acid plant. (Prayon process, courtesy Davy Mckee Corp.)... 

The low pressure oxo process was jointly developed by Union Carbide, Davy Powergas (Davy McKee), and Johnson Matthey. The latter two companies possess the rights of the Wilkinson patents. The catalyst is a rhodium complex, with a large excess of triphenylphosphine. Temperature and pressure have to be controlled very carefully because the linearity strongly depends on these parameters. Ligand and rhodium (300 ppm) are very sensitive to impurities and the feed must be very thoroughly purified. The rhodium stays in the reactor, apart from a small purification cycle, employed for the reactivation of inactive rhodium... 

Developed by Davy McKee, which built plants from 1974 to 1986. See also CONIA. 

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