Science Foundation, National

This work was supported by the AFOSR, DoE Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the National Science Foundation. 

The authors thank Y. Oono and M. Balsera for invaluable contributions to the joint development of SMD and J. Gullingsrud for many suggestions in the preparation of the manuscript. Images of molecular systems were produced with the program VMD (Humphrey et al., 1996). This work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Health (PHS 5 P41 RR05969-04), the National Science Foundation (BIR-9318159, BIR 94-23827 (EQ)), and the Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust. 

This work has been supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (grant MCB-9314854) and the U.S. National Institutes of Health s National Center for Research Resources (grant RR08102 to the UNC/Duke Computational Structural Biology Resource). 

TES gratefully acknowledges the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for support and the National Science Foundation for support (CHE-9632236) and computational resources at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (CHE-960010N). 

This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. 

The terms green chemistry and environmentally benign synthesis have been coined to refer to procedures explicitly designed to minimize the for mation of byproducts that present disposal problems Both the National Science Foundation and the Envi ronmental Protection Agency have allocated a por tion of their grant budgets to encourage efforts m this vein... 

J. A. Alich, Jr., and R. E. Inman, Effective Etilicyation of Solar Energy to Produce Clean Fuel, Grant No. GI38723, Fiaal Report for National Science Foundation, Stanford Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif., June 1974. 

S. Siggia and P. Uden, eds., Analytical Chemistry Pertaining to Oil Shale and Shale Oil, National Science Foundation Grant Number GP 43807, June... 

Science andTngineeringIndicators, National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., 1993. 

Science The Endless Frontier, National Science Foundation Report, NSF 90-8, The National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., 1990. 

R. L. Meeks, Eederal R D Funding by Budget Function, Fiscal years 1995—1997, Report NSF 97—301, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virg., 1997. 

Supercomputers are found in many government research laboratories, intelligence agencies, universities, and a small number of industrial companies. In the United States, the National Science Foundation (NSF) has provided supercomputers to several prominent universities for both academic and industrial users. These centers provide state-of-the-art, supercomputer-tuned appHcations for a wide variety of disciplines, together with staffs who are very knowledgeable in optimization for supercomputer performance. 

Department of Chemistry. University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois dlSOh This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (GP 30491X) and the National Cancer Institute (CA 13963). 

Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, XashvUle, Tenn. 37235. This work was supported b - grants from the National Science Foundation and the National Institute of Health. 

Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210. This research was conducted at The Ohio State University and supported in part by National Science Foundation, Grant No. 12445. 

This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. DMR-90-19868. 

Administratively, the genesis of these Laboratories, which initially were called Interdisciplinary Research Laboratories and later. Materials Research Laboratories, involved many complications, most of them in Washington, not least when in 1972 responsibility for them was successfully transferred to the National Science Foundation (NSF). As Sproull cynically remarks To those unfamiliar with the workings of federal government (and especially Capitol Hill), transfer of a program sounds simple, but it is simple only if the purpose of transfer is to kill the program . 

TRACES (1968) Technology in Retrospect and Critical Events in Science (TRACES). Illinois Institute of Technology, Research Institute published for the National Science Foundation (no editor or author named). 

In the words of a recent paper on MSE education (Flemings and Cahn 2000), chemistry departments have historically been interested in individual atoms and molecules, but increasingly they are turning to condensed phases . A report by the National Research Council (of the USA) in 1985 highlighted the opportunities for chemists in the materials field, and this was complemented by the NRC s later analysis (MSE 1989) which, inter alia, called for much increased emphasis on materials synthesis and processing. As a direct consequence of this recommendation, the National Science Foundation (of the USA) soon afterwards issued a formal call for research proposals in materials synthesis and processing (Lapporte 1995), and by that time it can be said that materials chemistry had well and truly arrived, in the... 

The authors would like to thank Pascal Deprez, Martial Deruelle, David P. Smith, Matthew Tirrell, Alphonsus V. Pocius, and Frank S. Bates for their input on this subject over the course of the last several years. They would also like to thank 3M and the Center for Interfacial Engineering, a National Science Foundation sponsored engineering research center at the University of Minnesota, for financial support. 

The author is grateful to the National Science Foundation, Department of Energy, Environmental Protection Agency, the Army Research Office, Hercules and Cara Plastics for their generous support of this research. Particular thanks are extended to my graduate students and research associates for shouldering the brunt of the research. 

The research leading to the syntheses which are outlined in Part Two was generously supported over the years by the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation and Pfizer, Inc. 

Acknowledgements—This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research, the National Science Foundation, the Robert A. Welch Foundation, and used equipment designed for study of fullerene-encapsulated catalysts supported by the Department of Energy, Division of Chemical Sciences. 

Acknowledgements—Financial support from the National Science Foundation, Grant No. DMR-9106374, is gratefully acknowledged. 

Acknowledgements—The author is most grateful to W. de Heer for invaluable discussions and advice. We are indebted to R. Monot and A. Chatelain for several useful remarks. We thank the Brazilian National Council of Science and Technology (CNPq) and Swiss National Science Foundation for financial support. 

Electron microscopy studies were performed at the Centre Interdepartamental de Microscopie Electronique (CIME), Ecole Polytechnique Fdddrale de Lausanne. We are grateful to the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technologic Research (CNPq) and the Swiss National Science Foundation for financial support. 

This work has been supported in part by the National Science Foundation (Grants CHE-9601971 and CHE-9813729), the donors of the Petroleum Research Fund, administered by the American Chemical Society (Grant No. ACS-PRF 31573-AC9), and a NATO Collaborative Research Grant (Grant HTECH.CRG972915). 

The author is indebted to J. Wittmer and Y. Rouault for valuable contributions to this work. This work was supported by the Bulgarian Scientific Foundation, Grant No. X-644/1996, and by the National Science Foundation of USA, Grant No. INT-940518. 

The authors thank D. H. Murray and E. J. Hedgley for samples of compounds 9 and 11, respectively. The support of grants GM-12328 and AI-07570 from the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, is acknowledged by D. C. Dejongh. The mass spectrometer was purchased by Wayne State University under Grant CP-1476 from the National Science Foundation. 

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