Terpenes orange

Orange terpenes, lemon oil and single fold orange oil obtained from Naarden Inc., were used for encapsulation studies. 

Orange terpenes were emulsified in various carrier s and spray-dried. The spray-dried powders were aged for 3 days at 80 C in a draft oven. Beta-pinene is an oxidation product in orange terpenes which can be measured by GC. The beta-pinene level is proportional to the degree of oxidation of the orange terpenes. High levels of beta-pinene content in the spray-dried powders indicate poor oxidation resistance imparted to the encapsulated terpenes by the carrier. 

A Beckman Model 4 GC was equipped with a carbowax column, temperature 180 C (inlet). A microliter injection was made and the oxidized beta-pinene peak was measured. The retention time for the oxidized beta-pinene peak is 5.5 minutes. The encapsulated orange terpenes were first dissolved in water before injection. 

Another important aspect of encapsulation efficiency is the resistance to oxidation that the carrier imparts to the flavor oils. The oxidation resistance properties are critical to shelf-life stability of the encapsulated product. Oxidation properties can be measured organoleptically by a taste panel or by gas chromatograph of the recovered oil. Peaks related to oxidation products of orange terpenes obtained from GC analysis can be monitored as the powders are aged for three days at 80 C. The GC was used to measure beta-pinene, an oxidation product of orange terpenes. The results are reported in square inches. The greater the area for the beta-pinene peak, the poorer the oxidation resistance of carrier towards the orange terpenes. The data is presented in TABLE 5 ... 

OXIDATION RESISTANCE OF ORANGE TERPENES vs. CARRIER TYPE... 

Bergamot oil is adulterated in various ways, e.g., with oil of turpentine, oil or terpenes of lemon, orange terpenes, fatty oils, waxes, resin, gurjun and Canada balsam, cedarwood oil, mineral oils, chlorinated compounds of oil of turpentine, organic acids, various esters (diethyl succinate, triethyl citrate, diethyl oxalate, terpinyl acetate, esters of oleic, phthalic, tartaric and acetic acids). Such adulteration is usually made judiciously, the genuine oil being treated with such quantities of one or more picked adulterants as will not alter too markedly the characters of the oil itself.1... 

For instance, addition of oil of turpentine or lemon or orange terpenes—which lower the sp. gr. and the ester content—together with fatty oils, resin, balsams and synthetic esters—which have the opposite effect. 

A specific gravity below the normal limits denotes the presence of oil of lemon, lemon or orange terpenes, or mineral oils, whereas a higher value than the upper limit shows the presence of fats, balsam or resin. 

The usual adulteration is with oil of turpentine, sometimes in conjunction with a little orange oil or with lemon or orange terpenes paraffin oil, fatty oils and balsams are rarely used. These adulterants are detected and the value of the oil determined by the following tests ... 

The material used is actually orange terpenes, which is about 80% limonene but the odour comes from minor components. 

Tetrapotassiurn pyrophosphate Lumorol 4192 Zusolat 1005/85 Butyl diglycol Orange terpene... 

Citrus Stripper Oil [PDM http //www.pdmchemicais.com]. Orange Terpenes [PDM http //www.pdmchemicais.com]... 

Sodium cocoamphoacetate 68647-72-3 d-Limonene Orange Terpenes 68647-73-4 EmCon Tea Tree Tea tree (Melaleuca altemifolia) oil Tea Tree Oil 68647-77-8 Aromox APA-T Chemoxide TAO Tallowamidopropylamine oxide... 

Ammonium caprylate 227-806-7 Ocimenol 227-813-5 Citrosperse 120 Citrus Stripper Oil d-Limonene Orange Terpenes 227-815-6 l-Limonene 227-833-4... 

Stimulant oils included jasmine, patchouli, ylangylang, basil, and rosemary active components included fenchone, 1,8 cineole, isoborneol, and orange terpenes (Lis-Balchin, 2006). There was considerable similarity in the sedative and stimulant effects of some essential oils studied physi ologically (e.g., their effect on smooth muscle of the guinea pig in vitro) and in various psychologi cal assessments, mostly on humans (Lis-Balchin, 2006). 

ISO standard 9776 shows character and data for this oil. The main components are cumin aldehyde, p-mentha-1.3 dien 7al, p-mentha 1,4 dien 7al, y-terpinene, and P pinene. Blending is done by orange terpenes, p cymene, and piperitone. Detection is done by GC-MS and by the combination of GC-C-IRMS and GC P-IRMS as assessment of synthetic and natural cuminaldehyde is possible. 

Dill weed oil is dominated by a-phellandrene, limonene, and carvone. Dill ether and the absence of dill apiol are further criteria for that oil. Dill seed oil contains mainly carvone and dihydro-carvone. Adulteration is done using phellandrenes, distilled limonene coming from orange terpenes, synthetic carvone, and dihydrocarvone. Detection is done by 2D enantiomeric separation. Lawrence (1996) reports the following ratios for dill seed oil (+)-limonene 98.4% (-)-limonene 1.6% (+)-carvone 98.7% (-)-carvone 1.3% (+)-trans-carveol 33.3% (-)-trans-carveol 66.7% and (+)-cti-carveol 100% (-)-cA-carveol 0%. The authors own ndings from biocultivated oil was (+)-carvone 98.4% (-)-carvone 1.6% (5)-(-)-a-pinene 4.0% (R)-(+)-a-pinene 96.0% (+)-limonene 95.4% (-)-limonene 4.6% (5)-(-)-p-phellandrene 0% (5)-(+) p-phellandrene 100% and (R)-(-)-a-phellandrene 100% (R)-(+)-a-phellandrene 0%. 

ISO standard 3053 shows character and data for this oil. Pure oils possess as marker the compound nootkatone from traces up to 0.8%, depending on the fruit status. This compound is used for blending, together with n-octanal, w-nonanal, n-decanal, and synthetic citral. Adulteration is performed by orange terpenes and distilled grapefruit residues from expression and limonene—80°. Detection must be done exclusively by multidimensional enantiomeric separation. Dugo and Mondello (2011) published the following chiral data (/ ) (-)-a-pinene (0.3%-0.8%) (5)-(+)-a-pinene (99.2% 99.7%) (/ )-(+) P pinene (62.0% 76.8%) (5) ( ) p-pinene (23.2%-38.0%) (/ )-(+)-sabinene (98.4%-98.5%) (5)-(-)-sabinene (1.5%-1.6%) (5)-(-)-limonene (0.5%-0.6%) (/ )-(+)-limonene... 

ISO standard 855 shows character and data for that oil. Adulteration is done by distilled lemon oil from residues, orange terpenes or limonene from orange terpenes, and synthetic citral from... 

ISO standard 3528 shows character and data for this oil. a Sinensal is a marker for mandarin essential oil. Adulteration is made by synthetic methyl n metl l anthranilate, as well as methyl anthra-nilate. Orange terpenes and limonene (80°), dipentene, citronellal, and citral are used for blending. Detection is done by GC-MS but improved results show multidimensional chiral separation. Dugo and Mondello (2011) reported the following chiral data (5) (+) a-thujene (0.3%-1.9%) (/ )-(-)-a thujene (98.1%-99.7%) (/ )-(+)-a pinene (41.7% 54.5%) (S)-(-)-a-pinene (45.5-58.3) ... 

ISO standard 3061 shows character and data for this oU. Blending is done with turpentine oil, a phellandrene from other sources, limonene from orange terpenes, and clove leaf oil terpenes. The chiral ratio of linalool is (/ ) ( ) 81.0% 89.0% and (5) (+) 11.0% 19.0% found by Casablanca (1996a). Konig et al. (1992) reported the following chiral ratios (+) a thujene 100% (-)-a-thujene 0% ( ) a pinene 74.6% (+) a pinene 25.4% () camphene 66.6% (+)-camphene 33.4% ... 

Orange terpenes (in order to conceai identity, a iso referred to as (R)-4-isopropenyi-1-methyicyciohexene i.e., D-iimonene) Ethylene glycol butyl ether, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (surfactants) Buffers and builders All types of oil, wax and grease contamination... 

Uses Surfactant for household and industrial cleaners, high-pressure and spray cleaners, aux. prods, for paper, textile, and leather industries Features Low foaming stable acid and weakly alkaline pH Properties Colorless to yIsh. liq. sol. in ethanol, IPA, petrol, and orange terpene disp. in water sp.gr. 0.93 (20 C) cloud pt. 54-59 C (5 g/10 ml BDG 57% aq.) pH 6(10%) 100% act, 0.5% water Propomeen C/12 [Akzo Nobel Surf, Chem. AB]... 

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