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Assessment of risk

Up to this point we have been exclusively concerned with identifying hazards. We have not been concerned with asking whether the hazards present any significant risk, or prioritising them in any way (recall that the risk is a combination of the severity of the hazard and the probability of its occurrence). For much of the time it will be intuitively obvious whether measures ought to be taken to eliminate or deal with an identified hazard. However, on occasion the decision might not be clear-cut and some form of risk assessment will be needed. [Pg.332]


In order to complete an assessment of risk, a probabiUty must be determined. The easiest method for representing failure probabiUty of a device is an exponential distribution (2). [Pg.475]

The final article, by S. G. Bell and G. A. Codd of the University of Dundee Department of Biological Services, is concerned with detection, analysis, and risk assessment of cyanobacterial toxins. These can be responsible for animal, fish, and bird deaths and for ill-health in humans. The occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms and scums on nutrient-rich waters is a world-wide phenomenon and cases are cited from Australia, the USA, and China, as well as throughout Europe. The causes, indentification and assessment of risk, and establishment of criteria for controlling risk are discussed. [Pg.132]

CEFIC Views on the Quantitative Assessment of Risks from Installations in the Chemical Industiy, European Council of Chemical Manufacturers Federations, Brussels, Belgium, April 1986. [Pg.67]

In order to quantify the sometimes intangible elements of variability associated with the product design and the safety aspects in service requires an understanding of risk . The assessment of risk in terms of general engineering practice will be discussed next. This will lead to a better understanding of designing for quality and reliability, which is the main focus of the book. [Pg.22]

The assessment of risk with respect to nuclear power plants is intended to achieve the following general objectives ... [Pg.5]

ISO CD 15265 Assessment of risk in moderate, hot and cold environments Risk assessment... [Pg.375]

Marks (1978) reviewed published reports of benzodia2epine dependence in the literature from 1961 to 1977 and estimated that benzodiazepine dependence occurred in one case per 50 million patient-months of use. His assessment of risk has been criticized, however, because published case reports tend to occur less frequently than the phenomenon they describe. Benzodiazepine dependence case reports peaked between 1969 and 1973, about 10 years after the introduction of the drugs (Petursson and Lader 1981a). [Pg.115]

KemI (2000) Organotin stabilisers in PVC — Assessment of risks and proposals for risk reduction measures. Stockholm, National Chemicals Inspectorate (Report No. 6/00). [Pg.47]

A whole range of precautions may be based on the principles summarized earlier. However, general precautions, applicable to the majority of work situations, are listed in Table 5.13, many of which are included in legal requirements. For example, in the UK The Fire Precautions Act 1971 specifies requirements for fire resistance of surfaces and building structure, assessment of risk, means of escape, means for giving warning, firefighting equipment, and fire instruction and drills. [Pg.152]

A key area in which this assessment of risk actually comes down in favor of the electronic notebook versus the paper notebook is in ensuring compli-... [Pg.220]

Regulation on the assessment of risks in accordance with Regulation 793/93... [Pg.560]

IPOS (1999) Environmental Health Criteria 210. Principles for the Assessment of Risks to... [Pg.236]

The method must be capable of determining all components (a.i. and relevant/major metabolites) that are included in the residue definitions used in the assessment of risk to nontarget organisms. For ground (drinking) water and air, the risk to con-sumers/operators or bystanders must also be considered. [Pg.35]

The matrices to be validated depend on the target/purpose of the study, e.g., blood, urine, muscle, or liver. The latter two may be covered by methods developed for food of animal origin. The method must take into account all relevant compounds used in the assessment of risk to consumers/operators or bystanders. The required LOQ... [Pg.35]

Assessment of risk factors for ischemic stroke as well as for hemorrhagic stroke is an important component of the diagnosis and treatment of patients. A major goal in the long-term treatment of ischemic stroke involves the prevention of a recurrent stroke through the reduction and modification of risk factors. The major focus of primary prevention (prevention of the first stroke) is also reduction and modification of risk factors. Risk factors for ischemic stroke can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Every patient should have risk factors assessed and treated, if possible, as management of risk factors can decrease the occurrence and/or recurrence of stroke.4... [Pg.164]

Use of probability and distributional analysis of chlorpyrifos worker exposure data for the assessment of risks... [Pg.35]

Assessments of risks associated with the use of chlorpyrifos insecticide products for workers have been made. The assessments are based on the results of field studies conducted in citrus groves, a Christmas tree farm, cauliflower and tomato fields, and greenhouses that utilized both passive dosimetry and biomonitoring techniques to determine exposure. The biomonitoring results likely provide the best estimate of absorbed dose of chlorpyrifos, and these have been compared to the acute and chronic no observed effect levels (NOELs) for chlorpyrifos. Standard margin-of-exposure (MOE) calculations using the geometric mean of the data are performed however, probability (Student s f-test) and distributional (Monte Carlo simulation) analyses are deemed to provide more realistic evaluations of exposure and risk to the exposed population. [Pg.36]

In this chapter the risk assessment is briefly introduced. Risk assessment is divided into four steps hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. This chapter also highlights five risk and life cycle impact assessment models (EUSES, USEtox, GLOBOX, SADA, and MAFRAM) that allows for assessment of risks to human health and the environment. In addition other 12 models were appointed. Finally, in the last section of this chapter, there is a compilation of useful data sources for risk assessment. The data source selection is essential to obtain high quality data. This source selection is divided into two parts. First, six frequently used databases for physicochemical... [Pg.91]

This chapter also highlights a selected number of models that allow for assessment of risks to human health and the environment. Finally, in the last section of this chapter, there is a compilation of useful data sources for risk assessment. [Pg.93]

Commission Directive 93/67/EEC of 20 July 1993 laying down the principles for assessment of risks to man and the environment of substances notified in accordance with Council Directive 67/548/EEC. Official Journal 227, 08/09/1993, pp 0009-0018... [Pg.203]

James, A.C., Dosimetric Assessment of Risk from Exposure to Radioactivity in Mine Air, in Occupational Radiation Safety in Mining (H. Stocker, ed) Vol 2, pp. 415-425, Canadian Nuclear Association, Toronto (1985). [Pg.418]

In patients with borderline-high blood cholesterol (200 to 239 mg/dL), assessment of risk factors is needed to more clearly define disease risk. [Pg.114]

Burns, C.J. et al., The epidemiology of scleroderma among women assessment of risk from exposure to silicone and silica, J. Rheumatol., 23, 1904, 1996. [Pg.450]

Alix A, Lewis G (2010) Guidance for the assessment of risks to bees from use of plant protection products under the framework of Council Directive 91/414 and Regulation 1107/ 2009. OEPP/EPPO Bull 40 196-203... [Pg.164]

The assessment of risk of the potential incidence or escalation of conflict is called integrated because of the broad scale of factors that are considered (political, economic, social, demographic and environmental. The integrated risk assessment manages the complexity in the relationship between the consequences of stress and inhibiting or facilitating factors in order to determine which factor has the most potential impact on the incidence or escalation of conflict. [Pg.179]

The impacts of TSCA, such as those on two specific exemplary industries, surface coating polymers and metal-cutting fluids, by S.Oslosky and H.Fribush, respectively, are implied but actually not explicit within TSCA. Consider the required assessment of risks, the need for test-data describing effects on health and the environment, aside from plant inspections, subpoenas, prohibited acts, penalties for prohibited acts, enforcement and seizure, judicial review, citizens civil actions and petitions, and employee protection provisions in the Act. Thus, it s inevitable that the alert manufacturer will adjust his product research, development and selection processes to identify and use substances with reduced risk to health and the environment wherever possible. As structure-(biological)-activity relationships become more reliable, the alert... [Pg.4]

The PMN program also demonstrates one other very significant fact. Most of the "new chemicals" coming through the PMN system are merely modifications of an existing type of chemistry. This fact has been helpful to the Agency since experience with the family of chemistry is helpful in making their evaluation and assessment of risks. [Pg.92]

EPA s D.G. Bannerman reviewed these impacts on the market introduction of new chemicals. He summarized EPA s experience and analyzed the classes and types of new chemicals, company size, market areas, and, among other data, the number of notified chemicals actually reported to be commercialized. He stressed a new joint industry-EPA program to assist the smaller chemical companies to comply with TSCA, especially with premanufacturing notification. This will minimize negative impacts on product innovation without reducing the effectiveness of EPA s assessment of risks of new chemicals. [Pg.228]

The goal of assessing risk is to build on the knowledge of chemical reactivity hazards, to understand how the hazard properties may lead to loss scenarios in the facility context, and to determine whether existing safeguards are adequate. Therefore, the assessment of risk can be performed at any stage of facility design, development, operation, or alteration. Of course, the more that is known about the facility and its equipment and operation, the more detailed the risk assessment can be. Methods used to determine chemical reaction risks are varied, as are their objectives and data requirements. [Pg.101]

Henderson, T., 1989, Assessment of Risk to Ground Water Quality from Petroleum Product Spills In Proceedings of the National Water Well Association and American Petroleum Institute Conference on Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water Prevention, Detection and Restoration, NWWA, Houston, TX, pp. 333-345. [Pg.38]

J7. Gurgens, G., and Kdltringer, P., Lipoprotein(a) in ischemic cerebrovascular disease A new approach to the assessment of risk of stroke. Neurology 37, 513-515 (1987). [Pg.121]


See other pages where Assessment of risk is mentioned: [Pg.2273]    [Pg.433]    [Pg.241]    [Pg.147]    [Pg.79]    [Pg.18]    [Pg.345]    [Pg.15]    [Pg.108]    [Pg.191]    [Pg.274]    [Pg.28]    [Pg.128]    [Pg.599]    [Pg.129]    [Pg.738]    [Pg.395]    [Pg.131]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.141 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.99 ]




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