Risk-significant

An important product of the analysis is the framework of engineering logic generated in constructing the models. The numerical estimates of frequencies need only be sufficiently accurate to --------risk-significant plant features. 

Fire Protection FIVE and FRANC support quantitative and qualitative fire risk, assessmeiil. FRANC also supports the analysis of alternative safe shutdown paths during an Appendix R review. System train availability is exhibited on a system status panel, Using this a strategy can be defined to upgrade Thcrnm 1. if identify risk significant areas. 

As to risk significance, the degree of alteration in the current environment should be amended with qualitative and semi-qualitative criteria. Ecological impact significance should be considered in terms of ... 

Some pest problems are easily controlled by organic alternatives. Others are controlled oidy with difficulty or have no reliable organic controls. Some crops either must be avoided by organic gardeners or these gardeners must be willing to risk significant losses from pests. 

Financial risks significantly overlap in their origins with regulatory and political risks (all of them can be caused by government policies or... 

Leukemia has been reported in several patients treated with somatropin. However, when other risk factors are accounted for, there is no current evidence that it increases the risk significantly above population levels (SEDA-23, 468 68). 

Chronic heavy drinking (alcohol intake greater than 2 units/day), especially at a younger age, increases risk significantly. 

Although oral corticosteroids have had an established use in herpes zoster treatment, their value has become controversial.They are clearly contraindicated in HIV and while the virus is still present in immunocompetent patients. Some authors report increased quality of life and decreased acute pain with oral steroid use in the elderly, but this value is offset by potential risk. Significant relief may be obtained with early antiviral therapy so that oral steroids are an unnecessary risk. Oral steroids are of no value in preventing PHN as was previously believed. The duration of PHN, however, is significantly shortened by early and aggressive use of oral antiviral agents in the acute phase of herpes zoster. Tricyclic antidepressants may also be useful when prescribed at the time of acute... 

The power analysis is a calculation of the number of people to enter the trial, provided there is knowledge about the defined type I error risk (significance level), the type II error risk (power), the defined difference the trial is supposed to detect (delta A) and the variation of the measurement in the trial. A simple mathematical relationship between these factors exists. For details readers should look in statistical textbooks. Also electronic books are available on the net, e.g. http //www.graphpad.com/articles/interpret/principles/ stat principles.htm. 

Workplace studies on processing of PUR adhesives have revealed that, with extraction, the TLVs (threshold limit values) for isocyanates were not exceeded in any case, Fig. 5. Extraction can reduce the risks significantly. Extraction combined with absorption or deactivation is preferable. 

Bringing more people back into work is also seen as the major instrument to combat poverty as for most families paid work remains by far the most important source of income, and the loss of a job generally results in a considerable decrease in income and, as a consequence, in a higher risk of being poor. Therefore, taking up a job reduces the poverty risk significantly (Forster and Mira d Ercole 2005). 

In Western Europe around 17% of methane (CH4) emissions come from animal excrement. Organic animal husbandry methods commonly use straw. This is less the case in conventional systems and mostly missing in intensive ones. Liquid manure management shows a great emission potential for methane and ammonia. Incorporating straw in manure diminishes emission risks significantly. 

Safety professionals must be aware that implementing all that they propose may reduce risk significantly, but that risk cannot be eliminated entirely. No matter how effective the preventive measures taken, there will always be a residual risk if an operation continues. It is unrealistic to assume that an environment could exist in which the probability is zero of an injurious or damaging event occurring. 

Identification of Hazards and Their Risks Significant hazards associated with each activity, project, or facility shall be identified and docnmented. The risk attendant upon each hazard shall be assessed and documented. 

It is recommended that control room operators and maintenance personnel be provided with adequate training on both the risk significant events, and their prevention and mitigation. 

Furthermore, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, and consequently their risk significance, may be affected by natural climate variability and by hinnan-induced global wanning. 

Youngblood, R.W. (2001). Risk significance and safety significance. Reliabilit Engineertng S vol. 73,... 

Koonce A. M., Apostolakis G.E. Cook B.K. 2007. Bulk power risk analysis Ranking infrastructure elements according to their risk significance, Int J Electr Power EnergSyst, doi 10.1016/j.ijepes.2007.06.013. 

Releases as a result of pressure driven expulsion of core debris are usually found to be risk significant only if they coincide with containment failure. On the other hand, pressure-driven melt expulsion can produce enormous quantities of aerosol ( 400 kg of aerosol has been estimated to accompany expulsion of about 50% of a typical reactor core at operating pressure). These masses of aerosol can heavily load filter systems and affect their efficiencies at removing and retaining radionuclides in case of an early venting of the containment. 

Extensive release of ruthenium in case of violent fuel coolant interactions remains controversial [Ex. 2a - 2b] and though possible explanations have been provided to justify why such releases would be minimal, no experimental validation substaining the magnitude of this phenomenon currently exists. Anyway releases caused by melt interaction with water would only produce temporary increases in the containment atmosphere concentration of radioactive aerosol. So long as containment integrity is preserved, such releases are not risk significant. Again, the mass releases can cause difficulties for some filter systems because of water droplets created by the core debris interactions with coolant. 

The ability of iodine to partition from water into the containment atmosphere is significant in terms of the potential consequences of a reactor accident. Partitioning assures that for many days following an accident there can be some concentration of iodine vapour in the containment atmosphere. This iodine in the atmosphere is available to leak from an intact containment or to be released in the event of catastrophic containment failure. Partitioning of iodine from water into the gas phase can also be a mechanism for radioactive iodine to b q)ass filtering systems that are quite effective at mitigating the releases of other radionuclides from reactor containment. It is the persistence of iodine suspended in the containment atmosphere more than the ehemieal or physieal form of iodine that raises risk-significant issues. 

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