Poly application

Industrial Applications. Poly(ethylene oxide)s also have numerous industrial uses. 

Polyester chemistry is the same as studied by Carothers long ago, but polyester synthesis is still a very active field. New polymers have been very recently or will be soon commercially introduced PTT for fiber applications poly(ethylene naph-thalate) (PEN) for packaging and fiber applications and poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a biopolymer synthesized from renewable resources (corn syrup) introduced by Dow-Cargill for large-scale applications in textile industry and solid-state molding resins. Polyesters with unusual hyperbranched architecture also recently appeared and are claimed to find applications as crosstinkers, surfactants, or processing additives. 

Among other uses, these polymers have been employed in a variety of biomedical applications. Poly(phosphazenes) containing organic side chains, derived from the anaesthetics procaine and benzocaine, have been used to prolong the anaesthetic effect of their precursor drugs. They have also been used as the bioerodable matrix for the controlled delivery of drugs. 

ISO 4433-4 1997 Thermoplastics pipes - Resistance to liquid chemicals - Classification -Part 4 Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) pipes ISO 9393-2 1997 Thermoplastics valves - Pressure test methods and requirements - Part 2 Test conditions and basic requirements for PE, PP, PVC-U and PVDF valves ISO 10931-1 1997 Plastics piping systems for industrial applications - Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) - Part 1 General... 

ISO 10931-2 1997 Plastics piping systems for industrial applications - Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) - Part 2 Pipes... 

APES may interfere with silver salt solutions in intensification steps of immunogold silver-staining techniques therefore, for those applications, poly-L-lysine or gelatin-coated slides are preferable. 

Fibers and films obtained from lyotropic solutions of rigid polymers exhibit high tensile modulus and strength and are therefore of interest for structural applications. Poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) (PBT) is a rigid polymer from which high... 

Other polymers undergo cyclization, but there are no commercial applications. Poly (methacrylic acid) cyclizes by anhydride formation and poly(methyl vinyl ketone) by condensation (with dehydration) between methyl and carbonyl groups. 

Poly(ethylene oxide) resins are safely used in numerous pharmaceutical and personal-care applications. Poly(ethylene oxide) resins show a low order toxicity in animal studies by all routes of exposure. Because of their high molecular weight, they are poorly adsorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and completely... 

Two often-used polymers have adequate properties for some applications. Poly(cthylcnc tcrcphthalatc) (PET) is used to make films and bottles. Poly(vinyl cldoride) (PVC) is a moderate barrier to permanent gases. Plasticized poly(vinvl chloride) is used as a household wrapping film. Tile plasticizers greatly increase the permeabilities. 

Individual Specialties. There are a number of special plastics which are used for their individual special properties and applications. Poly(4-methylpentene-l) combines rigidity, impact resistance, heat resistance, transparency, and chemical resistance, making it a unique replacement for glass in chemical... 

MAJOR POLYMER APPLICATIONS poly(vinylidene fluoride)... 

Applications. Poly (thiol esters) can be good starting materials for producing fibers when the esters have an inherent viscosity 77 >0.3 g/dl (27) or >0.75 g/dl (16). They can be cold-drawn to oriented fibers involving a three- to fivefold or even higher increase in length. 

Higher -alkyl methacrylate polymers have commercial applications. Poly( -butyl-), poly( -octyl-) and poly( -nonyl methacrylate)s are used as leather finishes poly(lauryl methacrylate) is used to depress the pour point and improve the viscosity-temperature property of lubricating oils. 

Polymer-supported (diacetoxyiodo)arenes have found broad synthetic application. Poly[ (diacetoxyiodo)styrene] (4) has been used for the oxidation of alcohols catalyzed by TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-l-oxyl) [27-30], or in the presence of KBr [31]. In a specific example, primary alcohols are readily oxidized to methyl esters upon treatment with reagent 4 in the presence of KBr in the acidic aqueous methanol solution (Scheme 5.5) [31]. Likewise, organic sulfides are selectively oxidized to the respective sulfoxides by reagent 4 in water in the presence of KBr [32]. 

MAJOR APPLICATION Poly(ethylene sulfide) is a high melting plastics material. However, this polymer has not yet achieved commercial production, although its projjerties makes it warrant serious consideration as a plastic. ... 

MAJOR APPLICATIONS Poly(methylene oxide) resin has been widely used in mechanical, automotive, plumbing, appliance, industrial, and electrical conponents along with its copolymer resins. It is continuing to replace die-cast zinc, brass, aluminum, steel, and other metals in the various end-use industries. 

MAJOR APPLICATIONS Poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) is mainly used in the reinforced form with glass fiber or mineral fillers as a high-performance thermoplastic. It is used for electrical and electronic parts (e.g., plugs and multipoint connectors, bobbins, relays, switches, encapsulation of electronic component, etc.), automobile parts (air intake systems, pumps, valves, gaskets, components for exhaust gas recirculation systems, etc.), and as components for mechanical and precision engineering. Nonfiller PPS is used for fiber, film, sheet, nonwoven fabric, etc. 

MAJOR APPLICATIONS Poly (4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) with its nucleophilic and weakly basic ring nitrogen has found uses in the areas of metal recovery (complex), and pollution control for removal of acidic and neutral materials. It is also used as an acid scavenger and catalyst and catalyst support. Commercial resin beads are mostly prepared by suspension polymerization with cross-linker such as divinylbenzene.t ... 

MAJOR APPLICATIONS Poly(vdf-hfp) is a synthetic, noncrystalline polymer that exhibits elastomeric properties when cross-linked. Known to be chemically inert, it is designed for demanding service applications in hostile environments and commonly used as a sealmt in hot and corrosive environments. 

To date, PHAs have been applied extensively for food packaging applications. Poly(3HB-3HV] shows suitable gas barrier properties to enable its application in beverage bottles. In addition PHA lattices can be used to coat paper and cardboard used in paper milk cartons [82]. Currently, drink cartons are often coated with polyethylene and/or aluminium foils to improve the barrier properties. As the resulting composite material is hard to recycle, PHA-coated cartons offer an interesting alternative. 

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