Beverage bottles

Foaming polystyrene resin prepared by blending with gas deHvers an opaque, low density sheet useful for beverage-bottle and plastic can labels as a water-resistant paper substitute (see Styrene polymers). 

The third, and fastest growing, area of isophthahc acid use is in other types of polymers, primarily as a minor comonomer with terephthahc acid in saturated polyesters. Over 20% of the isophthahc acid is sold in this apphcation. One rapidly expanding use is in polyester beverage bottles where addition of up to 3% isophthahc acid to the terephthahc acid allows faster production of more complex shapes. In this way, single piece bottles can be made, vs a round-bottomed bottle that needs a separate base cup. Fibers are also modified with isophthahc acid. 

Plastic and Metals Recycling Electrostatic separation has been inereasinglv applied to recover nonFerroiis metals From industrial plasties (telephone and eornrniinieation scrap). It also is an important step in the reeveling oF beverage bottles to reject anv remaining nonFerroiis metals. Both oF these reeveling applications make use oF roll-type ion-bornbardrnent separators (Fig, 19-61/ ),... 

Perhaps the most important polyester is polyethylene terephthalate), commonly known as PET (or PETE 1 on plastic beverage bottles). The annual production of PET in the United States is of the order of 108 kg (105 metric tons). Much of this is converted into fabric (trade name, Dacron) or magnetically coated film (Mylar). 

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) an amorphous polymer is available in an engineering grade. It is extensively used in beverage bottles and films. 

How much the ecology question contributed to the impetus for developing plastic beverage bottles is debatable. I know from personal contacts this was originally a major factor. In part the uncertainty results from the need for clearer definition of the relation of packaging to environmental control. 

PET has the second highest scrap value for recycled materials, second only to that of aluminum.1 A typical PET beverage bottle consists of PET (60 g), polyethylene (1 g), and label and glue (5 g). Therefore, the PET bottle scrap must be separated before the PET can be recycled. The bottles are sorted at a material recovery facility and compressed. The compressed PET bottles are then washed and converted to flake by grinding. The flakes may be converted to pellets in an extruder. The pellets are more suitable for material handling. Currently recycled PET is being used to make food and nonfood containers, straps, sheeting, and... 

Polyacrylonitrile plastic beverage bottles were banned because... 

More than 2 billion kilograms of PET are produced in the United States each year. This polymer is used to make tire cord, beverage bottles, home furnishings, small appliances, and many other common items. 

Blow Molding Carbonated beverage bottles Cooking oil bottles Detergent bottles Drinking water bottles ... 

Polyethylene terephthalate is the dominant material for the manufacture of carbonated beverage bottles Why are the bottles clear despite the tendency for this polymer to form crystalline domains ... 

A typical beverage system contains a 7.75-gal beverage bottle, a 5-lb bottle of liquefied C02, and a regulator set at 9 psig. The regulator is connected directly to the C02 bottle, and a 0.5-in (internal diameter) plastic hose connects the regulator to the beverage bottle. The liquefied C02 saturation vapor pressure is 800 psia. Assume a temperature of 80°F. 

A pressure relief system must be designed to protect the beverage bottle from overpressure. The relief device will be installed in the C02 line where it enters the beverage container. 

PET is a material that finds widespread use for soft drink and beverage bottle applications. For injection or blow moulding applications, high-molecular-weight... 

This section will look at seven processes to convert post-consumer PET bottles to raw materials suitable for use to make new food and beverage bottles. The processes are as follows ... 

Suitable grades are usable in contact with food and are used for food packaging, notably beverage bottles, for example. 

A sample of the sieved particles was also devulcanized by the phenyllithium method (4). An oven-dried 200 mL beverage bottle was charged with 1 g of 18-60 mesh particles and 40 mL of dry benzene. The bottle was capped with a 1-hole cap (extracted neoprene liner) and 10 mL of 2 M phenyllithium added. The mixture was shaken for 6.5 h at room temperature, then 1.5 mL of methanol added. Finally, 4 mL of methyl iodide was injected. At thi point the mixture comprised a rubber solution and a suspension of salts. An aliquot of the solution was taken for gpc analysis. 

On the state level, the interplay of plastics and legislation began in 1978 with the introduction of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) beverage bottle. In a relatively short time, nine states introduced Tx)ttle bills," or deposit laws on the return of plastic bottles. In these states, the deposit laws account for collection of an estimated 80 to 95% of the PET bottles sold. At present, at least 30 states are looking into some sort of waste management legislation involving plastics. 

The process developed at CPRR is said to be similar in its layout to those used in private industry. Most plastic reclamation systems are designed to work with rigid containers, such as PET beverage bottles, and HDPE milk or household product containers, because they are currently the easiest postconsumer items to collect and sort. PET beverage bottles are actually not one, but several materials a PET body (clear or green), a pigmented high-density polyethylene (HDPE) base cup, aluminum cap, label, and adhesives. To separate these components, either a dry or wet separation method based on one or more of the different physical properties of the materials can be used. 

In the case of the multicomponent PET beverage bottles, once the labels are removed, the lighter HDPE fraction is separated from the heavier PET and aluminum pieces in a hydrocyclone system. It is at this stage that other reclamation methods often differ, using a separation step based on flotation methods Dittman suggests that the hydrocyclone system will be an improvement over the flotation methods. The HDPE chips are then dried and collected. 

This synthetic method has been successfully tested on PET from beverage bottles (a 2-L bottle, for instance, consists of about 50 to 60 g of PET). Producing unsaturated resins from reclaimed PET takes about half the time as other methods and produces materials of equal molecular weight, acid value, and viscosity. Glass fiber-reinforced laminates and unreinforced castings prepared from the reclaimed PET material test favorably with other materials. 

Other industry efforts to "close the loop" of product manufacture, recycling, and resin reuse include Procter Gamble s marketing of a plastic household product container made from recycled PET. Johnson Controls, a major manufacturer of PET beverage bottles and containers, is also involved in promoting recycling efforts. Internally, the company recycles... 

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used extensively in rigid containers, particularly beverage bottles for carbonated beverages. 

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