Poly biosensor applications

Among the various dendrimers, the ferrocenyl dendrimers and the polyamidoamine (PAMAM) denrimers are the most frequently studied for biosensor applications. There are also some investigations based on poly(propyl imine) (PPI) dendrimers. 

This section discusses the reactivities and biosensor applications of functionalized electrosynthetic polyanilines prepared by (i) electropolymerization and (ii) chemical polymerization of aniline on the surfaces of Au, glassy carbon or Pt disk electrodes. Four such polyaniline or substituted composite polyaniline films developed by our research group are (a) nanofibrillar polyaniline-polyvinyl sulfonate (PANI-PVS), (b) poly(2,5-... 

H. Yamato, M. Ohwa, and W. Wernet, Stability of polypyrrole and poly(3,4-ethylenediox-ythiophene) for biosensor application, J. Electroanal. Chem., 397(1-2), 163-170 (1995). 

A number of other conducting polymer derivatives have been used for immobilizing enzymes and redox mediators for biosensor applications. Among these polymers are poly (tyramine) [167] and poly(l-(5-aminonaphthylethanoic acid) [168], which have accessible amine and carboxyl functionalities, respectively, for covalently linking to complementary groups on available amino acid residues of enzymes. Polypyrrole and polythiophene derivatives have also been widely exploited for covalent immobilization of enzymes, which then function as the sensing layers in efficient biosensors [169,170]. 

While there are currently several fabrication approaches to produce microelectrode arrays, techniques such as photolithography or laser ablation have to date proved cost-prohibitive for the mass production of disposable microsensor strips for commercial applications. A novel, patented procedure created by the research group of Higson [191] at the Institute of Bioscience and Technology, Cranefield University at Silsoe, UK, allows the fabrication of densely populated (up to 2 x 10 microelectrode elements per unit area) microelectrode arrays for biosensor applications via a simple and inexpensive sonochemical ablation approach. In this technique, a thin (30-40 nm thick), insulating layer of poly-... 

Yamato H, Ohwa M, Wemd W (1995) Stability of polypyrrole and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for biosensor application. J Electroanal Chem 397 163-170 Ludwig KA, Uram JD, Yang JY et al (2006) Chronic neural recordings using silicon microelectrode arrays electrochemicaUy deposited with a poly(3,4-ethylemedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film. J Neural Eng 3 59-70... 

Nakano, K., Nakamura, K., Iwamoto, K., Soh, N., Imato, T. Positive-feedback-mode scanning electrochemical microscopy imaging of redox-active DNA-poly(l,4-benzoquinone) conjugate film deposited on carbon fiber electrode for micrometer-sized hybridization biosensor applications. J Electroanal Chem 2009, 628, 113-118. 

Ren G, Xu X, Liu Q, Cheng J, Yuan X, Wu L, Wan Y (2006) Electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)/glucose oxidase biocomposite membranes for biosensor applications. React Funct Polym 66(12) 1559-1564. doi 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2006.05.005... 

The QD-MWNT hybrid structures were formed via the assembly of quantum dot (QD) on the surface of MWNTs in aqueous solution (Jares-Erijman and Jovin, 2003), which shows an excellent solubility in aqueous solution, and owns potential application in bioassay, bio-conjugation, and biosensors as well as solar cell. For example, incorporation of QDs and SWNTs into the poly(3-octylthiophene)-(P3OT)... 

Lehmann M, Chan C, Lo A, Lung M, Tag K, Kunze G, Riedel K, Griindig B, Renneberg R (1999) Measurement of biodegradable substances using the salt-tolerant yeast Arxula adeninivorans for a microbial sensor immobUized with poly(carbamoyl)sulfonate (PCS). Part II Application of the novel biosensor to real samples from coastal and island regions. Biosens Bio electron 14 295-302... 

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