Poly biological applications

A SEC material should be hydrophilic if it is to be used for biological applications. One such material, introduced by PolyLC in 1990 (8), is silica with a covalently attached coating of poly(2-hydroxyethyl aspartamide) the trade name is PolyHYDROXYETHYL Aspartamide (PolyHEA). This material was evaluated for SEC of polypeptides by P.C. Andrews (University of Michigan) and worked well for the purpose (Fig. 8.1). Because formic acid is a good solvent for polypeptides, Dr. Andrews tried a mobile phase of 50 mM formic acid. The result was a dramatic shift to a lower fractionation range for both Vq and V, (Fig. 8.2) to the point that V, was defined by the elution position of water. 

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a polymer of considerable interest due to several properties, including solubility in both water and many organic solvents, non-toxicity and ability to induce cell fusion, and it has found many biological applications [59]. Despite its poor mechanical strength, attaching PEG chains onto mechanically strong materials, such as fibrils [60], is one way to harness its properties [61]. 

Kang HS, Park SH, Lee YG et al (2007) Polyelectrolyte complex hydrogel composed of chitosan and poly(y-glutamic acid) for biological application Preparation, physical properties, and cytocompatibility. J Appl Polym Sci 103 386-394... 

Sofia SJ, Merrill EW (1997) In Harris JM, Zaplisky S (eds) Poly(ethylene glycol) chemistry and biological applications. ACS Symposium Series 680. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, p 342... 

Harris J. M. and Zalipsky S., Eds. Poly(ethylene glycol) Chemistry and Biological Applications, ACS, Washington, DC, 1997. 

Mabrouk, P.A., The use of poly(ethylene glycol) enzymes in nonaqueous enzymology in poly(ethylene glycol), In Chemistry and Biological Applications (ACS Symposium Series, No 680), J. Milton Harris, Samuel Zalipsky, eds., American Chemical Society Division of Polymer Chemistry, Calif. American Chemical Society Meeting 1997, San Francisco, pp 118. 

Harris JM. Introduction to biotechnical and biological applications of poly(ethylene glycol). In Harris JM, ed. Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Chemistry Biotechnical and Biomedical Applications. New York Plenum Press, 1992 1-14. 

Felix, A.M. Site-specific poly(ethylene glycol)ylation of peptides, in "Poly(ethylene glycol) Chemistry and Biological Applications" (J.M. Harris and S. Zalipsky, Eds.) ACS symposium Series 680, 218-238 (1997). American Chemical Society, Washington DC. Gallot, B. "Comb-like and block liquid crystalline polymers for biological applications". Prog. Polym. Sci. 21(6), 1035-1088 (1996). 

PO Barany, G. Albericio, E Kates, S. A. Kempe, M., In Poly (ethylene glycol) Chemistry and Biological Applications, Harris, J. M. Zalipsky, S., Eds. ACS Symposium Series 680 American Chemical Society Washington, DC,... 

S. Zalipsky, J.M. Harris, Introduction to chemistry and biological applications of polyethylene glycol), Poly (Ethylene Glycol) 1997, 680, 1-13. 

In the literature several methods to chemically modily poly(styrene) have been reported. The interest in the surface functionalization stems from the need to improve cell adhesion on PS petri-dishes for medical and biological applications, while PS cross-linking techniques were investigated for potential application as lithography resist. However, only two of the numerous reported techniques proved to be effective and suitable for the mesoporous styrenic templates, namely exposure to ozone or plasma ignited in several atmospheres, such as nitrogen, air, oxygen, and water vapor. 

Cellulose acetate membrane [69] and cellulose fiber [70] were coated on PPy to remove gold iodide and Cr(VI), respectively. Ionic exchange was ascribe for the gold iodide removal and the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), followed by adsorption. A covalently immobilized heparin-PPy/ poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate composite was also fabricated for biological applications to reduce the protein and thrombus formation [71]. 

Darling, A. L. and Sun, W. 3D microtomographic characterization of precision extruded poly-8-caprolactone scaffolds. JBiomed Mater Res PartB, Appl Biomater, 70,311-317 (2004). Rhee, W., Rosenblatt, J., Castro, M., Schroeder, J., Rao, R R., Hamer, C. F. H., and Berg, R. A. In vivo stability of poly(ethylene glycol)-coUagen composites, in Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Chemistry and Biological Applications. J. M Harris and S. Zalipsky (Eds.), ACS Symp Ser, 680,420 40 (1997). 

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