Lauryl methacrylates

DiaHyl phthalate copolymerizes at 80°C with peroxide catalyst and small amounts of long chain vinyl monomers including vinyl laurate, dioctyl fumarate, lauryl methacrylate, and stearyl methacrylate (43). The products show increased elongations but reduced tensile strengths. 

Group-Transfer Polymerization. Living polymerization of acrylic monomers has been carried out using ketene silyl acetals as initiators. This chemistry can be used to make random, block, or graft copolymers of polar monomers. The following scheme demonstrates the synthesis of a methyl methacrylate—lauryl methacrylate (MMA—LMA) AB block copolymer (38). LMA is CH2=C(CH2)COO(CH2) CH2. 

DAP was cocured in bulk with vinyl monomers having long-chain alkyl groups, including vinyl laurate (VL), dioctyl fumarate (DOF), lauryl methacrylate (LMA), and stearyl methacrlate (SMA) (12). 

The work function of the rubbing surfaces and the electron affinity of additives are interconnected on the molecular level. This mechanism has been discussed in terms of tribopolymerization models as a general approach to boundary lubrication (Kajdas 1994, 2001). To evaluate the validity of the anion-radical mechanism, two metal systems were investigated, a hard steel ball on a softer steel plate and a hard ball on an aluminum plate. Both metal plates emit electrons under friction, but aluminum produced more exoelectrons than steel. With aluminum, the addition of 1% styrene to the hexadecane lubricating fluid reduced the wear volume of the plate by over 65%. This effect considerably predominates that of steel on steel. Friction initiates polymerization of styrene, and this polymer formation was proven. It was also found that lauryl methacrylate, diallyl phthalate, and vinyl acetate reduced wear in an aluminum pin-on-disc test by 60-80% (Kajdas 1994). 

This new DLS tool was integrated into the microreactors by placing it at the end of a chip that synthesized amphiphilic block copolymers from methyl methacrylate and either lauryl methacrylate or octadecyl methacrylate (Fig. 22b). The reaction... 

OC of Other Polymers. Figure 10 shows the fractionation of poly(ethyl methacrylate), polystyrene and poly(lauryl methacrylate). The THF/n-heptane mobile phase worked well for these polymers and UV absorptivity was sufficient for detection. The detection requirement was especially important because of the low concentrations resulting in OC. 

Figure 10 Separation of a homopolymer mixture of poly (ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA), polystyrene (PSTY) and poly (lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA) by Orthogonal Chromatography at different % n-heptane concentrations in SBC 2.

Methacrylic acid Acrylic acid Di-isobutylene Acrylonitrile Allyl acrylate Allyl methacrylate n-Butyi acrylate n-Butyl methacrylate isobutyl methacrylate 2-Chloroethyl methacrylate -Ethoxyethyl methacrylate Ethyl acrylate 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Ethyl methacrylate Lauryl methacrylate Nonyl methacrylate N-Vinyl pyrrolidone Octyl acrylate 2-Vinyl pyridine... 

Butyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, and cetyl methacrylate were combined with maleic anhydride, lauryl mercaptan, and process oil and then charged into a 2-liter reaction vessel equipped with two mixing impellers rotated at 300 rpm during the reaction. The mixture was preheated to 85°C and then treated with 2,2 -azoisobutyronitrile and heated for 4 hours at 85°C followed by 1 hour at 100°C. In some cases additional oil was added to make the product more easily pourable. Unreacted maleic anhydride and other low-molecular-weight products were removed by heating the reaction mass to 120°C while applying a vacuum. Reaction scoping results are provided in Table 1. 

AIBN = 2,2 -Azoisobutyronitrile, BMA = butyl methacrylate, CMA = cetyl methacrylate, LMA = lauryl methacrylate, LSI I = lauryl mercaptan, and MA = maleic anhydride. 

In another system, miscible blends of PE and lauryl methacrylates (LMA) were in situ polymerized/crosslinked to yield submicrometer rubber particle sizes ranging from 70 to 400 nm [55]. Divinyl benzene (DVB) was used as a crosslinking system for LMA (rubber precursor). Typical TPV morphologies consisting of a crosslinked PLMA rubber dispersion (gel content >90%) in a PE matrix and, consequently, typical TPV solid-state properties are obtained. 

The simplest procedure for grafting copolymerization, in terms of number of components in the reaction medium, is a bulk polymerization of the monomer in mixture with the molten polyamide. This has been claimed in an earlier patent (2), related to improvements in dyeability and hydrophylic properties of the resulting yam, obtained by melt spinning of the product of reaction with monomers such as 2,5-dichloro styrene, lauryl methacrylate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and N-vinyl carbazole. 

Fontana and Thomas25) estimated LH from the sedimentation rate of carbon-black particles covered with poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA) or stearyl methacrylate/N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone copolymer (PAM/A-VP). The values of LH for PLMA were 20 to 40 A, while those for PAM-VP were 210 40 A. 

Fontana and Thomas2 determined p, 6, and T for poly (lauryl methacrylate) of molecular weights of 33 X 103 to 1190 X 103 adsorbed from n-dodecane and cis-decalin onto silica particles by observing IR shifts of the C = O bands in the polymer and the surface silanol group. They found that 6 increased whereas p remained nearly constant with rising T. 

Another interesting example belonging to the same general principle was described by Graham (56). On one hand he prepared an amine terminated polystyrene (sodium amide initiation in liquid ammonia) and showed that it contained only one terminal primary amine group per polymer chain. On the other hand copolymers were prepared by free-radical initiated solution copolymerization of small amounts of /S-iso-cyanatoethyl methacrylate with several other monomers as methyl, butyl and lauryl methacrylates, acrylonitrile and styrene. 

Alkylbenzenes (toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, butylbenzene) 40% Ethylacrylate, 50% methacrylic acid, 10% lauryl methacrylate (custom-made polymer), 4 wt.% polymer concentration Acetonitrile-water (40 60) pH 9.1 500 mm x 50 pm i.d. 420 mm to the detector, 25 °C... 

Ethyl acrylate, 50% methacrylic acid, 10% lauryl methacrylate (custom made polymer), 4% wt. polymer concentration... 

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