Automobile parts

The future for mica is ia the speciaUty plastic market, eg, as a molecular barrier ia plastic containers and ia plastic automobile parts. 

The Electrolytic Corrosion Test. Also developed for use on nickel—chromium and copper—nickel—chromium decorative automobile parts is the electrolytic corrosion (EC) test (44). Plated specimens or parts are made anodic in a corrosive electrolyte under controlled conditions for 2 min, and then tested for penetration to the substrate. 

A number of injection mouldings have been prepared from CAB with about 19% combined acetic acid and 44% combined butyric acid. Their principal end products have been for tabulator keys, automobile parts, toys and tool handles. In the United States CAB has been used for telephone housings. Extruded CAB piping has been extensively used in America for conveying water, oil and natural gas, while CAB sheet has been able to offer some competition to acrylic sheet for outdoor display signs. 

Another important and growing market for plastics is the automotive field. Many automobile parts are now made of plastics. Among the most used polymers are polystyrene polymers and copolymers, polypropylene, polycarbonates, and polyvinyl chloride. These materials reduce the cost and the weight of the cars. As a result, gasoline consumption is also reduced. 

Polypropylene can be extruded into sheets and thermoformed by solid-phase pressure forming into thin-walled containers. Due to its light weight and toughness, polypropylene and its copolymers are extensively used in automobile parts. 

Rigid PVC is used in many items such as pipes, fittings roofing, automobile parts, siding, and bottles. 

Phenolics are also used in a variety of other applications such as adhesives, paints, laminates for building, automobile parts, and ion exchange resins. Global production of phenol-formaldehyde resins exceeded 5 billion pounds in 1997. 

Corrosion tests have shown that a system based on copper, double nickel and microcracked chromium gives good corrosion resistance, although automobile parts plated with microcracked chromium are not as easy to clean as those plated with crack-free chromium deposit. 

Nag and Haidar reported the purification of vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of Pongamia glabra and its ability to substitute commercially available factices [33]. Factices are usually used for mastication of NR during production of tubing, automobile parts, and window seals. The authors reported improvement in thermal stability of the NR vulcanizate after the factice was added. 

Methylenedianiline is used to make an intermediate in the manufacture of polyurethane rubber used for making automobile parts, shoe soles, rubber wheels, and insulation foam. 

The four largest classes of synthetic polymers (PE, PP, PVC and PET) make up about 80 % of the world market. About 60% of the production of polymers supplies structural materials to the market (packaging 41 %, building components 20 %, electric insulation 9 %, automobile parts 7 %, agriculture 2 %, miscellaneous... 

Scrap metal comprises worn or extra bits and pieces of metal parts, such as scrap piping and wire, or worn metal items, such as scrap automobile parts and radiators. If scrap metal is reclaimed, it is a solid waste and is subject to hazardous waste regulation. Scrap metal is also regulated as a solid waste when used in a manner constituting disposal burned for energy recovery, used to produce a fuel, or contained in fuels or accumulated speculatively. This does not apply to processed scrap metal, which is excluded from hazardous waste generation entirely. 

The resins are substances derived mostly from vegetable sources some have been used as binders in the preparation of paints and varnishes, others as incense burned in ritual ceremonies, and a few, such as amber, have been used on their own, as semiprecious stones. It should be noted, however, that since the midtwentieth century the term resin has acquired a new meaning that of a synthetic pliable "plastic" material that can be shaped, mostly when hot. Synthetic resins are used mainly for packaging and for making textile fibers and automobile parts. In the discussion that follows the term resin is used to refer only to resins of natural origin (Serpico and White 2000a Parry 1918). 

Zinc is mainly used in the production of noncorrosive alloys, brass, and in galvanizing steel and iron products. Zinc undergoes oxidation on the surface, thus protecting the underlying metal from degradation. Galvanized products are widely used in construction materials, automobile parts, and... 

Gas-assisted injection moulding is a variant of injection moulding suitable for producing parts with internal cavities or hollow parts. It is used for the manufacture of products such as household appliances and automobile parts. 

Up to 4 Limited Medium output Stamping Automobile parts... 

Zeolites have an enormous impact on our daily lives, both directly and indirectly. For example, upstream hydrocarbons such as aromatics and olefins are produced using zeolite catalysts. The aromatics or olefins are then separated from the reaction mixtures using zeolite adsorbents. The purified components produced by these zeolite-based methods are then used in downstream processes to produce products that we use daily, such as clothes, furniture, foods, construchon materials and materials to build roads, automobile parts, fuels, gasoline, etc. In addihon to the indirect impacts mentioned above, zeolites also have a direct impact on our daily lives. For example, zeolites are used as builders in detergent formulations. 

UHMWPE—battery separators, light-weight fibers, permanent solid lubricant materials in railcar manufacture, automobile parts, and truck liners liners to hoppers, bins, and chutes farm machinery as sprockets, idlers, wear plates, and wear shoes sewage-treatment bearings, sprockets, wear shoes lumbering-chute, sluice, and chain-drag liners neutron shield... 

Write out the complete reactions for polyurethane production starting with toluene, natural gas, air, water, and salt, as sketched in Figure 11-8. Use 1,4-butane diol for the glycol starting from butane. Why is this process preferable for reaction injection molding of automobile parts compared to Nylon or PET ... 

In addition to the construction industry, phenol has many other applications. It is used in pharmaceuticals, in herbicides and pesticides, and as a germicide in paints. It can be used to produce caprolactam, which is the monomer used in the production of nylon 6. Another important industrial compound produced from phenol is bisphenol A, which is made from phenol and acetone. Bisphenol A is used in the manufacture of polycarbonate resins. Polycarbonate resins are manufactured into structural parts used in the manufacture of various products such as automobile parts, electrical products, and consumer appliances. Items such as compact discs, reading glasses, sunglasses, and water bottles are made from polycarbonates. 

Poly(amide) Blends. PA resins exhibit good chemical resistance, mechanical strength, heat resistance, and abrasion resistance and is widely used for electric-electronic parts, machine parts and automobile parts. However, this resin is disadvantageous poor in its impact strength. 

Indoor air quality is an important determinant of health and well-being. To maintain better indoor air quality, we have to understand the mechanism of indoor air pollution. For this purpose, the measurement of indoor air concentration and use of chemical analysis methods are essential. To estimate indoor air concentration, we have to know the emission and ventilation rates. Emission takes place not only from building products but also from automobile parts, electric appliances, office equipment such as printers, household consumer products, and even printed materials like newspapers. This book serves as a useful guide for chemists, architects, mechanical engineers, constructors, and manufacturers of electronic products. It emphasizes a holistic and multidisciplinary approach toward the indoor environment. 

---