And lesions

Ha2ards were discovered by experience. It was soon found that x-rays produced skin bums and lesions that healed only slowly later it was learned that tumors could be produced. Within the medical community, it became clear that guidelines were needed for the use of x-rays, especially for medical workers, who were often present while the x-rays were produced. 

Goldberger and Lillie in 1926 found that rats fed certain nutritionally deficient diets developed dermatitis acrodynia, a skin disorder characterized by edema and lesions of the ears, paws, nose, and tail. Szent-Gyorgyi later found that a factor he had isolated prevented these skin lesions in the rat. He proposed the name vitamin Bg for his factor. Pyridoxine, a form of this vitamin found in plants (and the form of Bg sold commercially), was isolated in 1938 by three research groups working independendy. Pyridoxal and pyridoxamine, the forms that predominate in animals, were... 

Stevens-Johnson syndrome fever, cough, muscular aches and pains, headache, and lesions of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes. The lesions appear as red wheals or blisters, often starting on die face, in the mo util, or on the lips, neck, and extremities, stomatitis inflammation of die mo util striae lines or bands elevated above or depressed below surrounding tissue, or differing in color or texture subjective data information supplied by the patient or family sublingual under die tongue... 

Fibrinolysins are produced by both staphylococci (staphylokinase) and streptococci (streptokinase). These toxins dissolve fibrin clots, formed by the host around wounds and lesions to seal them, by indirect activation of plasminogen, thereby increasing the likelihood of organism spread. Streptokinase m be employed elinieally in conjunction with streptodomase (Chapter 25) in the treatment of thrombosis. 

De Georgia et al. Stroke 2004 63 312-317 Prospective, randomized cooling vs. standard therapy for feasibility and safety 18 of40tx with hypothermia Hypothermia to 33°C with endovascular catheter on safety in pts with anterior circulation stroke and NIHSS >8 Similar clinical outcomes and lesion growth as measured on DWI MRI. Nonsignificant reduction in DWI volume in patients who cooled well. 

Skin inflammation is invariably associated with itching and lesions tend to be traumatized by scratching. This causes bleeding into tissues leading to haemoglobin... 

Inserts show the mean SEM total counts for 180 minutes for eight rats in the sham and lesion group, respectively. 

Moreover, the hyperactivity seen in the sham rats was somewhat greater than that usually observed following this dose of AMPH, suggesting a cross-sensitization between MDMA and AMPH. The day after the AMPH injections, all the rats were reinjected with saline. At this time there was no significant difference between the sham- and lesion-operated rats. 

Acne is categorized as mild, moderate, or severe based on the lesion type and lesion severity that present (Table 62-1). 

Taylor GN, Lloyd RD, Mays CW, et al. 1991. Plutonium- or americium-induced liver tumors and lesions in beagles. Health Phys 61(3) 337-347. 

The innate sensitivity of DNA-mediated CT to perturbations in the TT-stack has prompted us to employ this chemistry as a probe of stacking structure and dynamics. We have developed a new class of DNA-based diagnostic tools that diagnose DNA mutations such as single base-pair mismatches and lesions, analyze DNA-protein interactions, and probe the sequence-depen-dent dynamics and flexibility of DNA. These applications rely on electrochemical probing of CT in DNA films self-assembled on gold electrodes. 

Insights from the clinic, animal models, and lesion studies... 

Sari, Y., Miquel, M. C., Brisorgueil, M. J. et al. (1999). Cellular and subcehular localization of 5-hydroxytryptamineiB receptors in the rat central nervous system immunocytochemical, autoradiographic and lesion studies. Neuroscience 88, 899-915. 

If a casualty is known to have inhaled vesicant vapors but does not display any signs or symptoms of an impacted airway, it may still be appropriate to intubate the casualty since laryngeal spasms or edema may make it difficult or impossible later. Reddening of the skin (erythema) and lesions are treated symptomatically. 

Signs and Symptoms Easily confused with foot-and-mouth disease (C18-A017). Symptoms include fever, ulcers and erosions of the oral mucosa, sloughing of the epithelium of the tongue, and lesions at the mucocutaneous junctions of the lips, chewing movements and drooling (ptyalism), crusting lesions of the muzzle. Blisters, ulcers, and erosion of the coronary bands, and teats. 

Clinical findings include mental retardation, severe metabolic acidosis, and evidence of a spastic quadripare-sis and cerebellar disease. Some patients develop normally until late childhood, when a progressive loss of intellectual function became appreciated. Patients also may manifest a mild hemolysis. Pathological changes have included atrophy of the cerebellum and lesions in the cortex and thalamus. There is no specific therapy. 

Technical-grade PCP was related to decreased body weight and feed conversion efficiency, anemia, enlarged liver and lungs, decreased thymus weight, and lesions in urinary bladder mucosa. Holsteins exposed to analytical grade PCP were comparable to controls. The toxicity of PCP in cattle seems to be due to its contamination with toxic impurities, especially dioxins (McConnell etal. 1980 Parker etal. 1980)... 

Signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer can be extremely varied, subtle, and nonspecific. Patients with early-stage colorectal cancer are often asymptomatic, and lesions are usually detected by screening procedures. 

Decontamination Institute standard precautions for healthcare workers. Organisms are relatively easy to render harmless by mild heat (55 degrees Celcius for ten minutes) and standard disinfectants. Secretion and lesion precautions should be practiced, although strict isolation of patients is not required. Soap and water, or diluted sodium hypochlorite solution (0.5 percent). Secretion and lesion precautions are necessary, but strict isolation of victims is not required. 

Dermal (skin) contact with sulfur mustard agents causes erythema and lesions (blistering), while contact with vapor may result in first and second degree burns contact with liquid typically produces second and third degree chemical burns. Any burn area covering 25 percent or more of the body surface area may be fatal. Respiratory contact is a dose-related factor in the sense that inflammatory reactions in the upper and lower airway begin to develop several hours after exposure and progress over several days. 

Smallpox (variola). The acute clinical symptoms of smallpox resemble other acute viral illnesses, such as influenza, beginning with a 2-4 day nonspecific prodrome of fever and myalgias before rash onset. Several clinical features can help clinicians differentiate varicella (chickenpox) from smallpox. The rash of varicella is most prominent on the trunk and develops in successive groups of lesions over several days, resulting in lesions in various stages of development and resolution. In comparison, the vesicular/pustular rash of smallpox is typically most prominent on the face and extremities, and lesions develop at the same time. 

The symptoms of oropharyngeal anthrax include swelling of the neck, and lesions in the oral cavity (similar to cutaneous lesions), sometimes on the tonsils. Other symptoms include fever, swollen lymph nodes, and inability to swallow. Shock and toxemia can characterize both forms of the disease. The fatality rate for gastrointestinal anthrax ranges from 25 to 60%.3... 

Morgan KT, Monticello TM. 1989. Airflow, mucociliary clearance, and lesion distribution in the nasal passages of experimental animals. In Feron VJ, Bosland MC, eds. Nasal carcinogenesis in rodents Relevance to human risk. Wageningen, The Netherlands Pudoc, 36-41. 

Sneezing, tearing, reddened nose, and lesions of the nasal mucosa were observed in rats exposed at 200ppm for 6.5 hours/day, 5 days/week for 24 weeks. Histopathologic examinations showed squamous metaplasia, suppurative rhinitis, and lymphoid hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelium. 

Inhalation exposure of rats and mice (10-25ppm over 2 weeks or 5-50ppm over 13 weeks) caused methemoglobinemia, encephalopathy, and lesions in the liver (hepatocyte necrosis and hepatomegaly), kidney (hyalin nephrosis), and spleen (extramedullary... 

Jarrard LE (2001) Retrograde amnesia and consolidation anatomical and lesion considerations. Hippocampus 11 43-49... 

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