Clinical Findings

Patients developing DIHA by any of the mechanisms described above will almost invariably have had prior exposure to the immunizing dmg for at least 5-7 days. Mildly affected individuals may experience only a modest decrease in hematocrit those more seriously affected may develop anemia, hemoglobinuria, and jaundice over a period of days. In an unfortunate subset of patients with high titer dmg-dependent antibodies, exposure to the sensitizing medication produces 

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Johnson BA, Ait-DaoudN Neuropharmacological treatments for alcoholism scientific basis and clinical findings. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 149 327—344, 2000 Johnson BA, Roache JD, Javors MA, et al Ondansetron for reduction of drinking among biologically predisposed alcoholic patients a randomized controlled trial. 

Casey DE (1996). Seroquel (quetiapine). Preclinical and clinical findings of a new atypical antipsychotic. Expert Opin Invest Drugs 5, 939-57. 

Amylase enters the blood largely via the lymphatics. An increase in hydrostatic pressure in the pancreatic ducts leads to a fairly prompt rise in the amylase concentration of the blood. Neither an increase in volume flow of pancreatic juice nor stimulation of pancreatic enzyme production will cause an increase in senm enzyme concentration. Elevation of intraductal pressure is the important determinant. Stimulation of flow in the face of obstruction can, however, augment the entry of amylase into the blood, as can disruption of acinar cells and ducts. A functional pancreas must be present for the serum amylase to rise. Serum amylase determination is indicated in acute pancreatitis in patients with acute abdominal pain where the clinical findings are not typical of other diseases such as appendicitis, cholecystitis, peptic ulcer, vascular disease or intestinal obstruction. In acute pancreatitis, the serum amylase starts to rise within a few hours simultaneously with the onset of symptoms and remains elevated for 2 to 3 days after which it returns to normal. The peak level is reached within 24 hours. Absence of increase in serum amylase in first 24 hours after the onset of symptoms is evidence against a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis (76). 

Uni 1ke other drugs of abuse, the diagnosis of PCP intoxication is often difficult because of the wide spectrum of clinical findings that occurs with this drug. PCP toxicity sometimes can be mistaken for delirium tremens, acute psychiatric illness, sedative/ hypnotic overdosage, amphetamine intoxication, or sedative/ hypnotic withdrawal syndromes. 

McCarron, M.M. Schulze, B.W. Thompson, G.A. Conder, M.C. and Goetz, W.A. Acute phencyclidine intoxication Incidence of clinical findings in 1,000 cases. Ann Emerg Med 10 237-242, 1981a. 

CNS prophylaxis is necessary in any treatment regimen for ALL At diagnosis, the incidence of CNS disease is less than 10%, but it increases to 50% to 75% after 1 year in patients without CNS prophylaxisA The justification for CNS prohylaxis is based on two clinical findings. First, many chemotherapeutic agents do not cross the blood-brain barrier easily. Second, the CNS is a frequent sanctuary for leukemia, and undetectable leukemic cells are present in the CNS in many patients at the time of diagnosis.6... 

In this form, event would be replaced by some clinical finding such as myocardial infarction, stroke, seizure, or the like. This example form is extremely simplified, as there are usually a number of associated data variables captured as well. The event/endpoint page data must be clean, because it likely captures the primary efficacy data for the clinical trial. 

Fenton, W. S., Blyler, C. R. Heinssen, R. K. (1997). Determinants of medication compliance in schizophrenia empirical and clinical findings. Schizophr. Bull, 23, 637-51. 

HI. Haanen, C., Holdrinet, A., and Wijdeveld, P., In Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings with Renal Failure (U. Gessler, ed.) Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 132-139 (1971). 

L21. Luppa, P., Munker, R., Nagel, D Weber, W., and Engelhardt, D Serum androgens in intensive-care patients Correlation with clinical findings. Clin. Endocrinol. 34,305-310 (1991). 

The significance of the exposure levels shown in the tables and figures may differ depending on the user s perspective. For example, physicians concerned with the interpretation of clinical findings in exposed persons may be interested in levels of exposure associated with "serious" effects. Public health officials and project managers concerned with appropriate actions to take at hazardous waste sites may want information on levels of exposure associated with more subtle effects in humans or animals (LOAEL) or exposure levels below which no adverse effects (NOAEL) have been observed. Estimates... 

Clinical information such as the suspected diagnosis, travel history of the patient, and clinical findings should be included on the requisition. In addition, the time the specimen was passed and the time it was placed in fixative should be noted. If the specimen is in fixative, the consistency of the original specimen should be stated, or a portion of unfixed specimen should be included with the fixed specimen. 

Levinsky et al. (1970) reported on three men exposed to an unknown concentration of arsine for an estimated, 2, 3, and 15 min. Signs and symptoms of exposure (malaise, headache, abdominal pain, chills, nausea, vomiting, oliguria/ anuria, hematuria, bronze skin color) developed within 1-2 h. All three individuals required extensive medical intervention to save their lives. Clinical findings were indicative of massive hemolysis and repeated blood exchange transfusions were necessary for the survival of these individuals. 

Clinical findings include mental retardation, severe metabolic acidosis, and evidence of a spastic quadripare-sis and cerebellar disease. Some patients develop normally until late childhood, when a progressive loss of intellectual function became appreciated. Patients also may manifest a mild hemolysis. Pathological changes have included atrophy of the cerebellum and lesions in the cortex and thalamus. There is no specific therapy. 

Klemmer, H.W., L. Wong, M.M. Sato, E.L. Reichert, RJ. Korsak, and M.N. Rashid. 1980. Clinical findings in workers exposed to pentachlorophenol. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 9 715-725. 

The diagnosis of bronchiolitis is based primarily on history and clinical findings. The isolation of a viral pathogen in the respiratory secretions of a wheezing child establishes a presumptive diagnosis of infectious bronchiolitis. 

For less well defined incidents however, these detection systems may be inadequate. Portable chemical detectors may not be able to be deployed to the site, not detect the agen, or give inconclusive results. Clinical findings may be non-specific, present in an atypical manner, or for example in the case of sulphur mustard, have a latency period that delays firm pattern recognition. Due to the physico-chemical properties of the agent or the time between release and collection, environmental samples may have low agent levels or sufficiently high contaminants to prevent adequate results. 

Bailey, D. N. (1979) Phencyclidine abuse. Clinical findings and concentrations in biological fluids after nonfatal intoxication. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 72 795-799. 

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